南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 272281.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2019.02.012
李嘉明1,邹 勇2,郑 浩2,魏钟波1,杨柳燕1,缪爱军1*
Li Jiaming1,Zou Yong2,Zheng Hao2,Wei Zhongbo1,Yang Liuyan1,Miao Aijun1*
摘要: 近年来,人们对水产品的需求日益增高,对养殖水体环境安全问题也越来越关注. 重金属作为一种高持久性的污染物,其在环境中的存在可能给人们带来较高的健康风险. 测定了虾塘生态系统中水体、动植物、底泥的Cr,Cu,As,Cd,Pb含量,研究了五种重金属在底泥中的赋存形态,用潜在生态污染指数法评价了底泥和水体的重金属生态风险. 研究发现养殖水体的重金属生态风险等级为轻微,底泥的重金属生态风险等级为轻微或中等. 比较所研究的几种重金属,水体中Cu的生态风险最高,底泥中Cd的生态风险最高,其他重金属生态风险等级均为轻微. 研究结果表明,虾的As含量较高,而其他金属含量均低于标准值. 虾体内Cr,As,Cd,Pb的富集量由高到低依次为虾壳>肌肉>虾头,Cu主要在虾头中富集. 底泥中Cr,Cu,Cd,Pb主要以络合态和残渣态的形式存在,较难被生物吸收,而30%左右的As以可交换态形式存在,易被生物吸收.
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