南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 888–897.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2019.06.002

• 应用矿物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南来利山锡矿锡石标型特征及其找矿意义

张弘1,2,申俊峰1(),董国臣1,刘圣强1,王冬丽1,王伟清1   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京,100083
    2. 自然资源实物地质资料中心,三河,065201
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-20 出版日期:2019-11-30 发布日期:2019-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 申俊峰 E-mail:shenjf@cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    整装勘察区找矿预测与技术应用示范项目(12120114013801)

The study on the typomorphic characteristics of cassiterite of Lailishan tin deposit in Yunnan province and its prospecting significance

Hong Zhang1,2,Junfeng Shen1(),Guochen Dong1,Shengqiang Liu1,Dongli Wang1,Weiqing Wang1   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences,Beijing, 100083,China
    2. Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources, Sanhe, 065201,China
  • Received:2019-09-20 Online:2019-11-30 Published:2019-11-29
  • Contact: Junfeng Shen E-mail:shenjf@cugb.edu.cn

摘要:

来利山锡矿位于三江成矿构造带南端,是滇西地区著名的锡多金属矿床之一.应用成因矿物学与找矿矿物学的理论和方法,对该矿主要矿石矿物锡石进行了标型特征研究.结果表明:自成矿早期至成矿晚期,锡石的结晶习性由锥面发育向柱面发育演化,锡石热电导型由P?N型向N?P型逐渐过渡.锡石阴极发光条件下显示出的环带构造可能与U,Th等元素含量有关.其中,淘金处矿段锡石与老熊窝矿段、三个硐矿段锡石的晶形、大小、长宽比等有明显不同,淘金处矿段锡石环带最为发育,且热电性以P?N型为主.综合认为淘金处矿段成矿温度高于老熊窝和三个硐矿段,抑或淘金处矿段即是该矿区成矿热液活动中心.因此淘金处最具找矿潜力.这个研究成果为探讨成矿物质和热液来源及进一步找矿勘查提供了科学依据.

关键词: 锡 石, 成因矿物学, 标型特征, 来利山锡矿, 云 南

Abstract:

Lailishan tin deposits is one of the well?known tin polymetallic deposits in western Yunnan,located at the southern of Sanjiang metallogenic structural belt. In this paper, the typomorphic characteristics of cassiterite, the main ore mineral of the deposit, have been studied by applying the theories and methods of genetic mineralogy and prospecting mineralogy. The result shows that from the early mineralization to the late mineralization, the crystallization habit of cassiterite transforms from conical development to the cylindrical developmental, the thermoelectricity type of cassiterite transforms from P?N type to N?P type. The ring zone of cassiterite in the cathodoluminescence may be related to the content of U, Th and other elements.The ore block of Taojinchu has a obvious difference with Laoxiongwo and Sangedong in crystalline form, size, length?width ratio of cassiterite, and also the ring zone of cassiterite is best developed in the ore block of Taojinchu, the thermoelectricity of cassiterite mainly shows P?N type. It is generally considered that the metallogenic temperature of the ore block of Taojinchu is higher than that of LaoXiongwo and Sangedong, or that the ore block of Taojinchu is the metallogenic hydrothermal activity center of the mining area. Therefore, the ore block of Taojinchu has the most prospecting potential. The research results provide a scientific basis for further prospecting and exploration of ore?forming materials and hydrothermal sources.

Key words: cassiterite, genetic mineralogy, typomorphic peculiarities, Lailishan tin deposit, Yunnan

中图分类号: 

  • P57

图1

来利山锡矿区地质图(右下角图为板块构造示意图)(据文献[9]) 1:第四系全新统冲积层;2:第四系全新统洪积层;3:二叠系下统双河组;4:石炭系上统岩子坡组;5:石炭系上统大木场组;6:石炭系中统丝光坪组上段;7:石炭系中统丝光坪组下段;8:石炭系中统罗梗地组;9:石炭系下统邦读组上段;10:石炭系下统邦读组下段;11:花岗斑岩;12:辉绿玢岩;13:等粒二长花岗岩;14:似斑状中粗粒黑云母花岗岩、含紫苏辉石花岗岩;15:伟晶或细晶花岗岩;16:二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩;17:褐铁矿化;18:构造角砾岩;19:实测及推测地层界线;20:逆断层;21:平移断层;22:实测及推测断层;23:锡矿体"

表1

来利山锡矿区不同成矿阶段锡石的形态特征"

成 矿

阶 段

晶体形态
结晶习性 长宽比 粒度(mm) 双晶特征
粒状、双锥柱状 1~3 0.2~0.5 mm 可见六连晶,偶见聚片双晶、格子双晶
(最大2 mm)
短柱状、长柱状 3~8 0.1~0.3 mm 偶见膝状双晶
长柱状、放射状 >10 0.05~0.2 mm -
球粒状 >10 <0.2 mm -

图2

不同成矿阶段矿物单偏光显微镜下特征 a:第Ⅰ阶段;b:第Ⅱ阶段;c:第Ⅲ阶段;d:第Ⅳ阶段Cst?锡石,Py?黄铁矿,Q?石英"

表2

来利山锡矿区不同矿段锡石的形态特征"

矿段名称 锡石晶体形态
结晶习性 长宽比 粒度(mm) 其他特征
老熊窝 柱状、放射状 >3 <0.2 偶见膝状双晶
淘金处 粒状、双锥柱状 1~3 >0.2

可见六连晶、聚片

双晶、格子双晶

三个硐 柱状 >3 <0.05 ——

表3

来利山锡矿中锡石的热电性特征"

成矿 样号 P型μV·℃-1 出现率(%) N型μV·℃-1 出现率(%)
阶段 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值
15TJC109 282 135.2 31.6 16 -38.6 -85.79 -170.5 84
15TJC111 298.7 99.86 39.2 18 -13.1 -69.81 -155.5 82
15TJC112 319.3 106.29 13.4 14 -22.8 -80.62 -223.7 86
15TJC113 281.2 120.26 21.8 32 -11.8 -61.15 -130.3 68
15TJC103 276.7 117.35 25 30 -28.3 -110.39 -230.3 70
15LXW90 340.2 206.29 65.9 78 -6.6 -78.27 -173.6 22
15LXW121 331.1 184.42 14.9 68 -23.6 -98.9 -161.4 32
15LXW124 270.3 103.45 10.1 48 -13.7 -103.48 -245.6 52
15LXW85 308.2 141.07 11.8 40 -6.7 -84.91 -187.2 60
15LXW87 326.5 180.94 11.8 76 -11.7 -65.01 -144.5 24
15LXW91 337.3 141.13 16.6 74 -15.4 -71.07 -165.3 26

图3

不同阶段的锡石热电系数频数分布直方图"

图4

单偏光镜下锡石环带结构发育状况 a,c:淘金处矿段;b:三个硐;d:老熊窝矿段"

表4

来利山锡矿锡石环带结构发育状况"

矿段名称 发育状况 环带数 示例图片
淘金处 较发育 ≥3 图4a,图4c
老熊窝 发育 ≤3 图4d
三个硐 不发育 - 图4b

图5

锡石阴极发光和背散射图片 a,c:阴极发光照片;b,d:背散射照片"

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