Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences)

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Research progress of polymer surface treatment and modification to enhance interfacial adhesion

Lu Zhang, Guoan Chen, Yue Gong, Xudong Jia, Qiuhong Zhang

Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2025, 61(2): 333-351. DOI: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2025.02.014

Fig.10 (a) A schematic diagram of the interfacial strengthening mechanism of hydroxylated polyetheretherketone modified composite materials^[43]; (b) Synthesis of imidazolium cation⁃grafted cellulose nanocrystals with lactic acid as linker^[90]

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Fig.1 (a) The wettability image of the selected carbon fiber reinforced polymer sample，the top is the surface before plasma treatment，and the bottom is the surface after treatment^[24], (b) aramid fiber surface treatment flow chart and aramid fiber surface crosslinking reaction mechanism^[50], (c) preparation process of fabric and rubber composites^[51]
Fig.2 (a) Fracture surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer specimens before (left) and after (right) treatment^[52], (b)fracture mode of single lap joint after carbon fiber reinforced polymer treatment^[53], (c) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples treated by He / O₂ plasma at different RF power and treatment time^[54]
Fig.3 (a) SEM micrographs of original，low pressure plasma treated and atmospheric pressure plasma treated wood⁃plastic composites^[55], (b) comparison of surface energy of untreated，low pressure plasma treated and atmospheric pressure plasma treated polyetherether ketone^[49]
Table 1 Plasma treatment enhances interfacial adhesion
Fig.4 (a) Pictures of polyethylene after flame treatment^[56], (b) the surface roughness of polypropylene before and after surface activation was detected by laser micro⁃image^[30]
Fig.5 (a) Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of the surface of aramid / epoxy composites before (left) and after (right) flame treatment^[29], (b) solvent wipe carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples (left) and the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples after 12 flame treatments (right)^[61], (c) tensile shear strength of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin after flame treatment for different times^[62]
Table 2 Flame treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.6 (a) AFM images of the surface of the original polyethersulfone membrane and the UV⁃modified polyethersulfone membrane after adding 6 wt% acrylic acid^[73], (b) macroscopic morphology of fracture of adhesively bonded composite joints after UV treatment^[65], (c) SEM images of UV⁃modified polypropylene surface^[74]
Fig.7 (a) AFM images of polymethyl methacrylate surface after different intensity of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation^[70], (b) AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface before UV treatment (left), the fracture surface AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface after UV treatment for 4 min (middle), and the fracture surface AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface after UV treatment for 8 min (right)^[69]
Fig.8 (a) The effects of UV / ozone treatment on the adhesion of polyethylene (left) and polyetheretherketone (right) to epoxy resin were studied by lap shear test^[31], (b) the relationship between the effective viscosity and the film thickness of the original polystyrene film and the polystyrene films treated by UV / ozone for 1.0 s and 3.5 s^[63]
Table 3 UV treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.9 Schematic diagram of preparation process of organic⁃inorganic hybrid aerogels^[88]
Table 4 Atomic layer deposition treatment enhances interfacial adhesion
Fig.11 (a) In the presence of water，thermal initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N，N，N'，N'⁃tetramethylethylenediamine，the photoinitiator grafted polymer chain was synthesized by copolymerization of monomer acrylamide and photoinitiator methyl 4⁃benzoylacrylate^[93]; (b) reversible addition⁃fragmentation chain transfer diagram of surface⁃initiated hydrogen atom transfer，using direct initiation of polyethylene surface^[94]
Table 5 Surface grafting treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.12 (a) AFM images of polyimide fiber surface treated with different silane solution concentrations (A⁃0 to A⁃6 represent polyimide fiber samples treated with 0 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt% and 6 wt % silane solution^[100]; (b) fracture surface images of untreated, mercaptosilane treated, plasma treated and plasma/mercaptosilane treated specimens^[101]
Table 6 Silane coupling agent treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.13 (a) One⁃step impregnation process diagram of nylon 66 fiber and the interaction between fiber⁃impregnation layer and impregnation layer⁃rubber^[95], (b) the above picture is the impregnation process of the impregnated coating, and the following picture is the interaction between the impregnated layer and the rubber^[103]
Fig.14 Preparation process and crosslinking reaction diagram of aramid fiber surface coating^[105]
Table 7 Dip coating agent treatment enhances interfacialadhesion

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