Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences)

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Research progress of polymer surface treatment and modification to enhance interfacial adhesion

Lu Zhang, Guoan Chen, Yue Gong, Xudong Jia, Qiuhong Zhang

Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2025, 61(2): 333-351. DOI: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2025.02.014

Fig.2 (a) Fracture surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer specimens before (left) and after (right) treatment^[52], (b)fracture mode of single lap joint after carbon fiber reinforced polymer treatment^[53], (c) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples treated by He / O₂ plasma at different RF power and treatment time^[54]

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Fig.1 (a) The wettability image of the selected carbon fiber reinforced polymer sample，the top is the surface before plasma treatment，and the bottom is the surface after treatment^[24], (b) aramid fiber surface treatment flow chart and aramid fiber surface crosslinking reaction mechanism^[50], (c) preparation process of fabric and rubber composites^[51]
Fig.3 (a) SEM micrographs of original，low pressure plasma treated and atmospheric pressure plasma treated wood⁃plastic composites^[55], (b) comparison of surface energy of untreated，low pressure plasma treated and atmospheric pressure plasma treated polyetherether ketone^[49]
Table 1 Plasma treatment enhances interfacial adhesion
Fig.4 (a) Pictures of polyethylene after flame treatment^[56], (b) the surface roughness of polypropylene before and after surface activation was detected by laser micro⁃image^[30]
Fig.5 (a) Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of the surface of aramid / epoxy composites before (left) and after (right) flame treatment^[29], (b) solvent wipe carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples (left) and the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer samples after 12 flame treatments (right)^[61], (c) tensile shear strength of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin after flame treatment for different times^[62]
Table 2 Flame treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.6 (a) AFM images of the surface of the original polyethersulfone membrane and the UV⁃modified polyethersulfone membrane after adding 6 wt% acrylic acid^[73], (b) macroscopic morphology of fracture of adhesively bonded composite joints after UV treatment^[65], (c) SEM images of UV⁃modified polypropylene surface^[74]
Fig.7 (a) AFM images of polymethyl methacrylate surface after different intensity of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation^[70], (b) AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface before UV treatment (left), the fracture surface AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface after UV treatment for 4 min (middle), and the fracture surface AFM images of the cycloolefin polymer surface after UV treatment for 8 min (right)^[69]
Fig.8 (a) The effects of UV / ozone treatment on the adhesion of polyethylene (left) and polyetheretherketone (right) to epoxy resin were studied by lap shear test^[31], (b) the relationship between the effective viscosity and the film thickness of the original polystyrene film and the polystyrene films treated by UV / ozone for 1.0 s and 3.5 s^[63]
Table 3 UV treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.9 Schematic diagram of preparation process of organic⁃inorganic hybrid aerogels^[88]
Table 4 Atomic layer deposition treatment enhances interfacial adhesion
Fig.10 (a) A schematic diagram of the interfacial strengthening mechanism of hydroxylated polyetheretherketone modified composite materials^[43]; (b) Synthesis of imidazolium cation⁃grafted cellulose nanocrystals with lactic acid as linker^[90]
Fig.11 (a) In the presence of water，thermal initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N，N，N'，N'⁃tetramethylethylenediamine，the photoinitiator grafted polymer chain was synthesized by copolymerization of monomer acrylamide and photoinitiator methyl 4⁃benzoylacrylate^[93]; (b) reversible addition⁃fragmentation chain transfer diagram of surface⁃initiated hydrogen atom transfer，using direct initiation of polyethylene surface^[94]
Table 5 Surface grafting treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.12 (a) AFM images of polyimide fiber surface treated with different silane solution concentrations (A⁃0 to A⁃6 represent polyimide fiber samples treated with 0 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt% and 6 wt % silane solution^[100]; (b) fracture surface images of untreated, mercaptosilane treated, plasma treated and plasma/mercaptosilane treated specimens^[101]
Table 6 Silane coupling agent treatment enhances interfacialadhesion
Fig.13 (a) One⁃step impregnation process diagram of nylon 66 fiber and the interaction between fiber⁃impregnation layer and impregnation layer⁃rubber^[95], (b) the above picture is the impregnation process of the impregnated coating, and the following picture is the interaction between the impregnated layer and the rubber^[103]
Fig.14 Preparation process and crosslinking reaction diagram of aramid fiber surface coating^[105]
Table 7 Dip coating agent treatment enhances interfacialadhesion

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