南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 259.
杨晓勇1*,张连昌2
Yang Xiaoyong1*,Zhang Lianchang2
摘要: 在地球45亿年的演化过程中,一些金属矿床类型及矿种分布于特定的地质时期,并在地球演化进程中不再重复出现,我们把这种在地球一定时期出现的特征矿床类型或矿种称之为成矿的时控性. 如条带状铁建造型铁矿主要出现在中晚太古代-古元古代,而铅锌矿则主要形成于中元古代之后,大规模斑岩矿床主要出现在中生代-新生代等. 但这种成矿作用的时代性,究竟是什么因素造成的,目前还没有一个科学的解释,或众说纷纭,仍然是地质科学上的未解之谜. 我国前寒武纪大规模成矿事件与世界对比可知,其优势矿种主要集中在镁、磷、石墨、稀土等资源,缺少兰德式金、铀矿床、VMS型铅-锌矿床以及大型的BIF型富铁矿,这又是一个谜团. 中国东部中生代大规模成矿作用还表现为成矿金属元素的分区分带,这些成矿元素、矿种分布的不均一性是值得深入探索的自然之谜.
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