运用水力层析法刻画潜水含水层的非均质性

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 253–264.

运用水力层析法刻画潜水含水层的非均质性

朱珺峰 1 , 叶天齐 2 , 毛德强 2

出版日期:2015-04-10 发布日期:2015-04-10
作者简介: ( 1. 肯塔基大学肯塔基地质调查局, 美国; 2. 亚利桑那大学水文水资源系, 美国)
基金资助:
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)

Hydraulic tomography to characterize heterogeneity of unconfined aquifers *

Zhu J un -Feng 1 ** , T ian -Chyi / Jim0 Yeh 2 , Mao De-Qiang 2

Online:2015-04-10 Published:2015-04-10
About author: ( 1. Kentucky Geological Survey, U niversity of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;
2. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 解析模型是分析潜水含水层抽水试验的最广泛使用的工具. 抽水试验过程中的地下水流在潜水面附近是高度非线性的. 由于对排水和降深过程的简化, 这些解析模型不能充分地描述潜水含水层中的非线性水流. 此
外, 这些模型假定含水层是均质的, 而实际的含水层本质上都是非均质的. 最近出现的水力层析法是一种经济有效的刻画含水层水力特性参数空间分布的方法. 水力层析法采用数值模拟的方法去熔合多个在不同地点进行的抽水
试验的数据去更详细地刻画含水层水力特性参数. 在这项研究中, 我们扩展水力层析法的概念到潜水含水层. 为了准确地描述水力层析调查过程中的潜水含水层的地下水流, 本文采用基于混合形式的 Richards 方程的三维饱和-
非饱和流模型. 利用饱和以及非饱和带的水头变化观测数据, 连续线性估计法被采用来估算渗透系数, 贮水率, 以及土壤水分模型参数的空间变化. 本文用敏感度分析探讨了水头和不同水力特性参数之间的关系, 然后用一个人
工合成的区域规模的三维潜水含水层去测试水力层析法. 测试显示该方法能有效地地刻画潜水含水层水力特性的时空变化. 水力层析法能够刻画饱和以及非饱和带的渗透系数, 但是对贮水率刻画局限于饱和带, 对土壤水分模型
参数的刻画局限于非饱和带. 本文对水力层析法对潜水含水层的应用的其他局限和潜在的改进也进行了讨论.

Abstract: Analytical models are the most widely used tools for analyzing pumping tests in unconfinedaquifers. Ground water flow induced by a pumping test in an unconfined aquifer is highly nonlinear near
the water table. T hese analytical models are inadequate to describe the nonlinear flow due to their simplified representations of the drainage process and drawdowns at the water table. Moreover, these
models assume aquifer homogeneity while real aquifers are inherently heterogeneous. Recently emerged hydraulic tomography ( HT ) is a cost -effective method for mapping spatial distribution of aquifer
hydraulic properties. HT takes advantage of the power of numerical models and fuses information from multiple cross -hole tests conducted at different locations to image aquifer properties in greater details. In
this study, we extend the HT concept to unconfined aquifers. To accurately describe the groundwater flow due to a HT survey in an unconfined aquifer, a fully three dimensional variably saturated flow model
based on mixed form of the Richards equation is used. Pressure responses in both saturated and unsaturated zones are used to estimate spatial variations of hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and a
soil water constitutive model parameter through a successive linear estimator. A sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the relation between pressures and different parameters. The HT method for
unconfined aquifers is then tested in a synthetic three dimensional field scale aquifer. The test shows that the proposed HT method can effectively map spatial variations of hydraulic parameters in an unconfined
aquifer. While characterizing hydraulic conductivity in both saturated and unsaturated regimes is possible, characterization of specific storage is limited in the saturated flow regime and characterization of
the soil water constitutive model parameter is limited in the unsaturated flow regime. The other limitations of HT for unconfined aquifers and potential improvements are also discussed.

朱珺峰 1 , 叶天齐 2 , 毛德强 2 . 运用水力层析法刻画潜水含水层的非均质性

[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 47(3): 253–264.

Zhu J un -Feng 1 ** , T ian -Chyi / Jim0 Yeh 2 , Mao De-Qiang 2
. Hydraulic tomography to characterize heterogeneity of unconfined aquifers *

[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2011, 47(3): 253–264.

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