南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1085–1096.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2023.06.018

• • 上一篇    

系外行星大气光谱探测虚拟仿真实验系统

何秋会(), 陈安东, 王牧天, 张必成, 王婉好, 陈亮, 彭志欣, 刘慧根   

  1. 南京大学天文与空间科学学院，南京，210023
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 何秋会 E-mail:qhhe@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11973028);国家双一流经费/天文学，江苏省高校实验室研究会2022年研究课题(GS2022YB18)

A virtual simulation experiment system for exoplanet atmospheric spectral detection

Qiuhui He(), Andong Chen, Mutian Wang, Bicheng Zhang, Wanhao Wang, Liang Chen, Zhixin Peng, Huigen Liu   

  1. School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
  • Received:2023-08-18 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-12-06
  • Contact: Qiuhui He E-mail:qhhe@nju.edu.cn

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摘要：

系外行星大气光谱可以探测系外行星的大气成分，是研究行星宜居性的关键证据，也是回答是否存在第二个“地球”等科学问题的关键所在.因为系外行星的光谱探测对探测设备要求极高，需要大型望远镜和高精度的光谱设备，国内高校现有条件和环境无法满足学生在学习时的观测实践需求.考虑到天文观测实验教学是天文教学中必不可少的环节，为了提升教学效果，增强学生对天文观测和系外行星大气光谱探测的理解和认知，利用虚拟仿真技术，建设系外行星大气光谱探测虚拟仿真实验，将原理学习与观测实践紧密结合，实现“理论指导观测，观测反馈理论”的模式.该实验设计了三个环节：行星大气光谱特征、行星大气透射光谱观测和光谱数据分析.从理论学习到观测实践再到数据分析，涵盖了包括行星反射和透射光谱、行星大气吸收原理、观测窗口估计、信噪比估计等众多光谱及其数据处理的核心知识.

关键词: 行星大气, 光谱探测, 虚拟仿真系统, 天文观测, 实验技术

Abstract:

Exoplanet atmospheric spectroscopic detection is a crucial method for studying and determining the atmospheric composition of exoplanets,as well as addressing fundamental questions such as the existence of a second "Earth". However,this detection requires highly precise equipment,including large space telescopes,which current resources and environments in domestic universities cannot accommodate for students' practical observation needs during their studies. To enhance teaching effectiveness and improve students' understanding and cognition of astronomical observations and exoplanet atmospheric spectroscopic detection,we have employed virtual simulation technology to integrate theory and observation practice closely. The experiment encompasses three stages：planetary atmospheric spectroscopic features,observations of planetary atmospheric transmission spectra,and spectral data analysis. It covers essential knowledge related to spectroscopy and data processing,such as planetary reflection and transmission spectra,atmospheric absorption principles,estimation of observation windows,and signal?to?noise ratio estimation. The implementation of the first phase of the experiment has elevated students' knowledge of astronomical observations,fostered their innovative spirit and practical skills,and yielded significant teaching outcomes. Furthermore,it aligns with the developmental direction of astronomical observation experiment techniques and has been recognized as a top?tier simulation course by national authorities.

Key words: planetary atmosphere, spectroscopic detection, virtual simulation system, astronomical observation, experimental techniques

中图分类号: 

  • P1?4

图1

虚拟仿真系统模块"

图2

行星一维大气模型在透射光谱视角下的示意图"

图3

虚拟仿真实验流程图"

图4

凌星光变曲线"

图5

不同轨道相位下，行星的热辐射、反射光谱和总光谱"

图6

行星大气吸收"

图7

大气标高的计算界面"

图8

凌星窗口"

图9

选取对应分辨率和望远镜参数后，仿真望远镜接收到的恒星光谱流量"

图10

仿真得到的恒星观测光谱：(a)在空间进行观测；(b)在地面进行观测"

图11

正式观测时，学生选择五次曝光的时间和曝光时长"

图12

在行星凌星时间内所有的连续曝光图片叠加，获得叠加后的光谱图（a）和光谱数据（b）(b) stellar spectrum (upper left), stellar spectrum noise (upper right), planetary atmospheric absorption signal(lower left), and planetary spectral SNR (lower right)"

图13

信噪比提升"

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