南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 847856.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2021.05.015
• • 上一篇
刘玲珊1, 熊轲1(), 张煜2, 张锐晨1, 樊平毅3,4
Lingshan Liu1, Ke Xiong1(), Yu Zhang2, Ruichen Zhang1, Pingyi Fan3,4
摘要:
随着5G/B5G的不断发展,无人机在实时数据采集系统中将有广泛应用.利用无人机先给传感器节点进行无线充电,然后传感器节点利用收集到的能量将感知的信息上传无人机,可有效解决户外物联网节点的供电与数据采集问题.然而,由于无人机本身的电量受限,如何在保证无人机充电辅助物联网系统顺利完成新鲜数据采集任务的前提下最小化无人机的能耗至关重要.为此,在满足信息采集新鲜度的要求下,通过联合优化无人机的飞行时间、加速度、转角和传感器节点信息上传和能量收集调度模式,建立无人机能耗最小化优化问题.由于该问题含有整数变量,大规模情况下求解较为困难.因此,首先将其建模为马尔科夫决策过程,然后提出了一种基于DQN (Deep Q Network)的无人机能耗优化算法框架求解,并设计相对应的状态空间、动作空间和奖励函数.仿真结果验证了所提DQN算法的收敛性,同时表明提出的DQN算法比传统的贪婪算法可降低8%~30%的无人机能耗.当传感器个数超过八个时,传统的贪婪算法很难求解,而所提DQN算法仍然能找到最优解.另外,随着AoI (Age of Information)限制值的缩小或传感器数量的增加,无人机的能量消耗会不断地增加,并且由于考虑了转角约束,所提算法优化得到的无人机飞行轨迹会更平滑.
中图分类号:
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