南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 894–.
赵桂琦，周 燕，尹 颖*，郭红岩
Zhao Guiqi，Zhou Yan，Yin Ying*，Guo Hongyan
摘要： 纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)在水环境中的存在形态对水生植物的生态风险有重要影响，研究了ZnO NPs在水体中的稳定性及对沉水植物金鱼藻的毒性效应．ZnO NPs进入到培养液中后观察到明显的团聚行为，且团聚体粒径随着浓度的升高逐渐增加，放置7天后其粒径要远大于实验初始粒径．另一方面，ZnO NPs释放了0.08～4.54 mg·L－1的锌离子(Zn2＋)到培养液中，加入金鱼藻使纳米颗粒的离子释放量显著降低(0.06～3.88 mg·L－1)．金鱼藻体内的锌含量随着ZnO NPs暴露浓度的升高而显著增加．金鱼藻体内超氧阴离子(O－2·)含量，过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后降低，膜脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高，均表明金鱼藻受到了氧化胁迫．同时金鱼藻的叶绿素含量在ZnO NPs暴露下也显著降低，但透射电镜结果显示其叶绿体形态并未受到影响．研究认为金属离子的释放是ZnO NPs致毒的重要原因．
| [1] Colvin V L．The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials.Nature Biotechnology，2003，21(10)：1166－1170. [2] Nel A，Xia T，Mdler L，et al.Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel.Science，2006，311(5761)：622－627. [3] Bowker M，Hadden R A，Houghton H，et al.The mechanism of methanol synthesis on copper/zinc oxide/alumina catalysts.ChemInform，1988，19(23)：263－273. [4] Espitia P J P，de Ftima Ferreira Soares N，Dos Reis Coimbra J S，et al.Zinc oxide nanoparticles：Synthesis，antimicrobial activity and food packaging applications.Food and Bioprocess Technology，2012，5(5)：1447－1464. [5] Janotti A，Van de Walle C G．Fundamentals of zinc oxide as a semiconductor.Reports on Progress in Physics，2009，72(12)：126501－126529. [6] Moezzi A，McDonagh A M，Cortie M B．Zinc oxide particles：Synthesis，properties and applications.Chemical Engineering Journal，2012，185－186：1－22. [7] Ma H B，Williams P L，Diamond S A．Ecotoxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles － A review.Environmental Pollution，2013，172：76－85. [8] Ghosh M，Jana A，Sinha S，et al.Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in plants：Cytotoxicity，genoto－xicity，deregulation of antioxidant defenses，and cell－cycle arrest.Mutation Research/genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis，2016，807：25－32. [9] Du W C，Sun Y Y，Ji R，et al.TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil.Journal of Environmental Monitoring，2011，13(4)：822－828. [10] Rao S，Shekhawat G S．Toxicity of ZnO engineered nanoparticles and evaluation of their effect on growth，metabolism and tissue specific accumulation in Brassica juncea.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2014，2(1)：105－114. [11] Song U，Lee S．Phytotoxicity and accumulation of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Phragmites Australis：Leaf－type－dependent responses.Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2016，23(9)：8539－8545. [12] Chen X L，O’Halloran J，Jansen M A K．The toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to Lemna minor(L.)is predominantly caused by dissolved Zn.Aquatic Toxicology，2016，174：46－53. [13] Hu C W，Liu Y M，Li X L，et al.Biochemical responses of duckweed(Spirodela polyrhiza)to zinc oxide nanoparticles.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2013，64(4)：643－651. [14] Keller A A，McFerran S，Lazareva A，et al.Global life cycle releases of engineered nanomaterials.Journal of Nanoparticle Research，2013，15(6)：1692－1708. [15] 崔 静，袁旭音，刘 泉等．环境水体中纳米氧化铜对金鱼藻的毒性效应研究．农业环境科学学报，2013，32(5)：910－915.(Cui J，Yuan X Y，Liu Q，et al.Toxic effects of low concentration copper oxide nanoparticles on Ceratophyllum demersum in the aquatic environment.Journal of Agro－Environment Science，2013，32(5)：910－915.) [16] Jiang J K，Oberdrster G，Biswas P．Characterization of size，surface charge，and agglomeration state of nanoparticle dispersions for toxicological studies.Journal of Nanoparticle Research，2009，11(1)：77－89. [17] Balen B，Tkalec M，ikic＇ S，et al.Biochemical responses of Lemna minor experimentally exposed to cadmium and zinc.Ecotoxicology，2011，20(4)：815－826. [18] Beauchamp C，Fridovich I．Superoxide dismutase：Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels.Analytical Biochemistry，1971，44(1)：276－287. [19] Heath R L，Packer L．Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts：I.Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics，1968，125(1)：189－198. [20] Jana S，Choudhuri M A．Glycolate metabolism of three submersed aquatic angiosperms during ageing.Aquatic Botany，1982，12：345－354. [21] Wang J，Zhao F，Chen B H，et al.Small water clusters stimulate microcystin biosynthesis in cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa.Journal of Applied Phycology，2013，25(1)：329－336. [22] 陈 辉，施国新，徐勤松等．Cr6＋对菹草叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化系统和超微结构的胁迫影响．植物研究，2009，29(5)：559－564.(Chen H，Shi G X，Xu Q S，et al.Toxic effects of Cr6＋ on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，antioxidant systems and ultrastructure of Potamogeton crispus.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2009，29(5)：559－564.) [23] 郭 敏．典型人工纳米材料对水稻的植物毒性研究．硕士学位论文．长沙：湖南大学，2016，31－33.(Guo M．Phytotoxicity of typical manufac－tured nanomaterials on rice seedlings(Oryza sativa L．)．Master Dissertation.Changsha：Hunan University，2016，31－33.) [24] Keller A A，Wang H T，Zhou D X，et al.Stability and aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural aqueous matrices.Environmental Science & Technology，2010，44(6)：1962－1967. [25] Johnston B D，Scown T M，Moger J，et al.Bioavailability of nanoscale metal oxides TiO2，CeO2，and ZnO to fish.Environmental Science & Technology，2010，44(3)：1144－1151. [26] Thwala M，Musee N，Sikhwivhilu L，et al.The oxidative toxicity of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles towards the aquatic plant Spirodela punctuta and the role of testing media parameters.Environmental Science：Processes & Impacts，2013，15(10)：1830－1843. [27] 刘 俊，张清东，马芸莹等．金鱼藻对富营养化水体营养源的净化作用．西南农业学报，2012，25(1)：257－260.(Liu J，Zhang Q D，Ma Y Y，et al.Purification effect on nutrient source by Ceratophyllum demersum in eutrophic water.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2012，25(1)：257－260.) [28] Carpita N，Sabularse D，Montezinos D，et al.Determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells.Science，1979，205(4411)：1144－1147. [29] Asli S，Neumann P M．Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport.Plant，Cell & Environment，2009，32(5)：577－584. [30] Johansson M W，Keyser P，Sritunyalucksana K，et al.Crustacean haemocytes and haematopoiesis.Aquaculture，2000，191(1－3)：45－52. [31] Chapple I L C．Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases.Journal of Clinical Periodontology，1997，24(5)：287－296. [32] 王 振，张立敏，田 阳．超氧阴离子自由基电化学分析的新进展．分析化学，2014，42(1)：1－9.(Wang Z，Zhang L M，Tian Y．Progress on electrochemical determination of superoxide anion.Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry，2014，42(1)：1－9.) [33] Jiang H S，Qiu X N，Li G B，et al.Silver nanoparticles induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry，2014，33(6)：1398－1405. [34] Tang Y L，Li S Y，Lu Y，et al.The influence of humic acid on the toxicity of nano－ZnO and Zn2＋ to the Anabaena sp.Environmental Toxicology，2015，30(8)：895－903. [35] Hu C W，Liu X，Li X L，et al.Evaluation of growth and biochemical indicators of Salvinia natans exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc accumulation in plants.Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2014，21(1)：732－739. |
| No related articles found! |
|
||