南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 496502.
郭 芳,姜光辉*,于 奭,林玉石
Guo Fang,Jiang Guanghui*,Yu Shi,Lin Yushi
摘要: 在官村地下河流域一段长为750 m的管道进行了十一次弥散试验,以考察岩溶管道流的溶质运移行为.采用NaCl作为示踪剂,利用电导仪记录浓度的变化和流速仪测量管道流的流量.试验表明溶质的平均运移速度为1.3~5.8 cm?s-1,通过弥散试验求的管道平均截面面积在不同流量时差别不大,表明岩溶管道处于有压管流状态,并且雷诺数大于20000,据此判断管道流为紊流.弥散系数与溶质平均运移速度之间为近似线性关系.利用经典对流弥散方程以及由试验结果取得的参数模拟溶质的穿透曲线,发现模拟结果的溶质运移总比实际滞后,这种现象与模拟时管道形状的平均化处理无关,是用管道截面平均流速代替管道截面实际流速产生的.改用代表暂存区机理的溶质运移模型模拟试验结果,将管道水流截面分为主流区和不流动区,模拟结果与实际吻合,这解释了溶质平均运移时间提前和穿透曲线出现拖尾的原因.
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