基于 Wigner-Hough 变换的横向速度估计*

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2010, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 366–371.

基于 Wigner-Hough 变换的横向速度估计*

柏业超 1, 2 , 张兴敢 1,2 ** , 唐? 岚 1,2

出版日期:2015-03-31 发布日期:2015-03-31
作者简介: (1. 南京大学电子科学与工程系, 南京, 210093; 2. 东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室, 南京, 210096)
基金资助:
东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室开放课题( N200902)

Transverse velocity estimation based on Wigner?Hough transform

Bai Ye-Chao1, 2 , Zhang X ing Gan 1, 2 , Tang Lan 1, 2

Online:2015-03-31 Published:2015-03-31
About author: ( 1. Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Nanjing, 210096, China)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 运动速度是表征目标特性的重要参数, 可用于动目标跟踪、目标识别等. 现有的速度估计算法多是针对径向运动速度. 针对横向速度估计方法研究较少的现状, 分析了横向运动目标回波的时频特
性, 得出了在时频平面回波多普勒频率随时间近似线性变化的结论, 推导出横向运动速度与多普勒频率对时间变化的斜率的关系, 提出了一种基于 Wigner ?Hough 变换的横向速度估计方法. 首先利用 Wigner
分布将回波信号变换至时频平面, 再利用 Hough 变换在时频平面估计出多普勒频率随时间的变化斜率, 进而计算出目标的横向运动速度. 仿真结果证明了本方法的有效性. 通过与轨道拟合法、相位差分法
的仿真比较表明, 本方法在有噪声以及径向加速度干扰的情况下都能较精确地估计出目标横向运动速度, 估计精度优于其它算法, 鲁棒性强.

Abstract: Velocity is an important character of moving objects, which is widely used in target tracking, target recognition and so on. The velocity can be decomposed into radial part and transverse part. T he radial velocity of an
object can be easily estimated by means of the Doppler shift, which manifests itself as the one-order phase of the echo. However, the one ?order phase of the echo does not contain any information about the transverse velocity. The
transverse velocity can be estimated by the high-order Doppler effect of the moving object. The time-frequency characteristic of the echo of transverse moving targets is analyzed in this paper, and a conclusion that the Doppler
frequency varies linearly with respect to time is drawn. Also, the analytical expression for the transverse velocity is deduced. An algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform is proposed to estimate the transverse velocity. The
proposed algorithm transforms the echo signal into time -frequency plane by using Wigner -Vile distribution, then estimates the slope of Doppler frequency-time line with the help of Hough transform, and finally calculates the
transverse velocity. The estimation accuracy is also analyzed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results verify that the echo frequency is a linear function of time.
Track Fitting algorithm and Phase Difference algorithm are simulated together to be compared with the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm performs well in the presence of noise and basic frequency offset, and has a
better accuracy than other algorithms. T rack Fitting algorithm is not suitable for signals with nonzero basic frequency. The performance of Phase Difference algorithm severely decreases when signal ?to?noise ratio is low.
Constant radial acceleration also leads to a linearly varying frequency, which affects the transverse velocity estimation. However, there are very few targets which do uniformly accelerative movement for a long time. The
jitter of radial acceleration interferes with the transverse velocity estimation. T he simulations with radial acceleration interference show that the proposed algorithm performs much better than other algorithms, and has a better robustness.

柏业超 1, 2 , 张兴敢 1,2 ** , 唐? 岚 1,2. 基于 Wigner-Hough 变换的横向速度估计*

[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 46(4): 366–371.

Bai Ye-Chao1, 2 , Zhang X ing Gan 1, 2 , Tang Lan 1, 2. Transverse velocity estimation based on Wigner?Hough transform

[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2010, 46(4): 366–371.

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