北京城市气候图系统的初步建立

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 359–371.

北京城市气候图系统的初步建立

贺晓冬1, 2，苗世光2，窦晶晶 2申双和 1

出版日期:2014-11-10 发布日期:2014-11-10
作者简介:(1. 南京信息工程大学，气象灾害预报和评估协同创新中心，南京，210044,2. 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京,100089)
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目973计划（2010CB428506），公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201106032），国家自然科学基金项目（41175015）
2014-05

reliminary establishment of Beijing Urban Climate Map (UCMap) system

He Xiaodong 1, 2, Miao Shiguang 2 *, Dou Jingjing 2, Shen Shuanghe 1

Online:2014-11-10 Published:2014-11-10
About author:(1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; 2. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现代城市化发展给当地气候和环境带来巨大影响，然而城市规划和城市发展中对城市气候信息的应用却非常有限。以北京为示范案例，初步建立北京城市气候图系统，将城市气候信息应用于北京可持续发展和生态城市建设。定量分析北京自然环境和典型城市形态因子对城市气候的影响，评估城市热环境和城市风环境现状，形成北京城市气候分析图。结合各典型城市气候空间不同建筑区域内建筑物可分辨风场数值模拟，完成北京市区范围城市气候规划建议图。北京四环以内近乎闭合式的“单中心+环状”城市发展布局，使大部分区域承受极强的热压，且通风廊道不足，通风严重不畅。针对此现状，分别对五类城市气候规划建议区提出初步规划建议，审慎开发决策，缓解城市气候问题。北京城市气候图系统在传统城市气候图的基础上，强调了对规划方案的预测评估。且提出对城市气象灾害进行风险评估，从规划预警的角度应对城市气象灾害，加强北京应对极端天气、防灾减灾的能力。

Abstract: Modern urbanization and development bring great influence to local climate and environment. However, the application impact of urban climatic information on urban planning and local development is still very limited. This paper takes Beijing as the demonstration case and preliminarily establishes Beijing Urban Climate Map (UCMap) system, to apply urban climatic information to scientific planning and the construction of sustainable city and environment. The impacts of Beijing’s natural environment and urban morphology characteristics on urban thermal environment and urban wind environment are quantitatively analyzed. Urban Climatic Analysis Map (UC-AnMap) within Beijing urban areas is then formed. Incorporating three-dimensional wind field characteristics numerical simulations of complex building environments in each representative urban climatic spatial unit, Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) within Beijing urban areas is finally developed. It shows that nearly closed-type "single center + rings" urban layout within the Fourth Ring Road results in strong thermal load and poor ventilation in most of the areas. Besides, a series of possible climatic spatial planning recommendations are put forward to relieve urban climate problems and improve urban environment. Based on traditional Urban Climate Map, Beijing Urban Climate Map system specifically emphasizes the forecast and evaluation of proposed planning schemes. Furthermore, it particularly stress risk assessment of urban meteorological disasters from the view of early warning in planning, in order to strengthen the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation in Beijing

贺晓冬1, 2，苗世光2，窦晶晶 2申双和 1. 北京城市气候图系统的初步建立[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(6): 359–371.

He Xiaodong 1, 2, Miao Shiguang 2 *, Dou Jingjing 2, Shen Shuanghe 1. reliminary establishment of Beijing Urban Climate Map (UCMap) system[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2014, 50(6): 359–371.

参考文献

[1].Un-Habitat. State of the World’s Cities 2008-2009: Harmonious Cities. Earthscan, 2008, 223.
[2].Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate change 2013: The Physical Science Basis-Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (WGI AR5). Stockholm, Sweden, 2013.
[3].Grimmond C S B, Roth M, Oke T R, et al. Climate and more sustainable cities: climate information for improved planning and management of cities (producers/capabilities perspective). Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010, 1: 247~274.
[4].Eliasson I. The use of climate knowledge in urban planning. Landscape and urban planning, 2000, 48(1): 31~44.
[5].Paszynski J. Mapping urban topoclimates. Energy and buildings, 1991, 16(3): 1059~1062.
[6].Scherer D, Fehrenbach U, Beha H D, et al. Improved concepts and methods in analysis and evaluation of the urban climate for optimizing urban planning processes. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(24): 4185~4193.
[7].Ren C, Ng E Y, Katzschner L. Urban climatic map studies: a review. International Journal of Climatology, 2011, 31(15): 2213~2233.
[8].任超, 吴恩融, Katzschner Lutz, 等. 城市环境气候图的发展及其应用现状. 应用气象学报, 2012, 23(5): 593~603.
[9].VDI. VDI-Guideline 3787, Part 1, Environmental Meteorology-Climate and Air Pollution Maps for Cities and Regions. VDI, Beuth Verlag: Berlin, 1997, 73.
[10].Knoch K. Uber das Wesen einer Landesklimaaufnahme. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 1951, 5: 173.
[11].Baumüller J, Reuter U. Demands and requirements on a climate atlas for urban planning and design. Office of Environmental Protection: Stuttgart, 1999.
[12].Unger J. Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island: review and new approach. Climate research, 2004, 27: 253~264.
[13].He X D, Miao S G, Shen S H, et al. Influence of Sky View Factor on Outdoor Thermal Environment and Physiological Equivalent Temperature. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0841-5.
[14].陈鹭, 王淑芬. 北京城市发展空间布局研究. 城市问题, 2008(6): 35~38.
[15].李书严, 陈洪滨, 李伟. 城市化对北京地区气候的影响. 高原气象, 2008, 27(5): 1102~1110.
[16].吴兑, 廖碧婷, 吴蒙, 等. 环首都圈霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(1): 1~11.
[17].盛裴轩, 毛节泰, 李建国, 等. 大气物理学. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013.
[18].李书严, 轩春怡, 李伟, 等. 城市中水体的微气候效应研究. 大气科学, 2008, 32(3): 552~560.
[19].Ng E Y, Chen L, Wang Y, et al. A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: an experience from Hong Kong. Building and Environment, 2012, 47: 256~271.
[20].Yoshie R. Experimental and numerical study on velocity ratios in a built-up area with closely-packed high-rise buildings. In paper presentation on an expert forum on UC-Map & CFD for urban wind studies in cities: Hong Kong, 2006.
[21].Oke T R. Boundary layer climates. Psychology Press, 1987.
[22].Miao S G, Jiang W M, Wang X Y, et al. Impact assessment of urban meteorology and the atmospheric environment using urban sub-domain planning. Boundary-layer meteorology, 2006, 118(1): 133~150.
[23].Dou J J, Wang Y C, Robert B, et al. Observed Spatial Characteristics of Summertime Beijing Urban-Climate Impacts, with a thunderstorm focus. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2014. DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0355.1.
[24].窦晶晶, 王迎春, 苗世光. 北京城区近地面比湿和风场时空分布特征. 应用气象学报, 2014.（待刊出）
[25].北京市规划委员会. 北京城市空间发展战略研究. 研究报告. 北京, 2003.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed