南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 393–402.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2021.03.006

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野外农田系统中聚乙烯微塑料对土壤⁃小麦系统的影响

马文倩, 许美玲, 郭红岩()   

  1. 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室，南京大学环境学院，南京，210023
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-09 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-06-08
  • 通讯作者: 郭红岩 E-mail:hyguo@nju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E⁃mail:hyguo@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目(41571130061)

Effect of polyethylene microplastic on soil⁃wheat system in field

Wenqian Ma, Meiling Xu, Hongyan Guo()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing，210023, China
  • Received:2021-03-09 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-06-08
  • Contact: Hongyan Guo E-mail:hyguo@nju.edu.cn

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摘要：

塑料制品的大量生产和广泛应用导致土壤的微塑料（粒径小于5 mm）污染日益严重.采用野外lysimeter系统开展了为期半年的实验，研究野外实际环境中聚乙烯微塑料对土壤理化性质、小麦生长和土壤微生物群落的影响.结果表明，147和782 mg·kg-1聚乙烯微塑料暴露对小麦秸秆和籽粒生物量、土壤微生物群落的多样性和结构组成均无显著改变，但是却显著影响土壤理化性质，包括降低土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、总磷和有效磷含量，增加土壤微团聚体比例，其中147 mg·kg-1聚乙烯微塑料显著降低土壤磷酸酶活性.相关性分析结果显示土壤养分指标与丰度微生物具有显著相关性，其中与土壤有效磷具有正相关关系的微生物占比最多，表明聚乙烯微塑料可能影响土壤中参与磷代谢的微生物，改变土壤磷酸酶活性，进而影响土壤中的磷循环.

关键词: 微塑料, 土壤微生物, 有效磷, 相关性分析

Abstract:

The mass production and wide application of plastic products have led to dramatically serious pollution from soil microplastic (with a size less than 5 mm). To investigate the effects of polyethylene microplastic on soil physiochemical properties,wheat growth and soil bacterial community,a half?year lysimeter experiment was performed. The results showed that 147 and 782 mg·kg-1 polyethylene microplastic did not affect wheat shoot and grain biomass,diversity and community srtucture of soil bacteria,but significantly changed soil physiochemical properties,including decreases in soil organic matter,cation exchange capacity,total phosphorus and available phosphorus,and increases in soil micro?aggreagtes. Moreover,147 mg·kg-1 polyethylene microplastic significantly caused adverse effect on soil phosphatase activity. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the significant correlation existed between soil nutrient indexes and bacterial community. Eight microbes positively correlated with soil available phosphorus which accounted for the largest proportion,indicating that polyethylene microplastic may affect soil microbes involved in phosphorus metabolism,thus change soill phosphatase activity,finally affect the phosphorus cycle in the soil.

Key words: microplastic, soil microbiome, available phosphorus, correlation analysis

中图分类号: 

  • X53

图1

空白（CK）、147 mg·kg-1微塑料（L）和782 mg·kg-1微塑料（H）处理组下小麦籽粒和秸秆的生物量Data are means of three replicates ± standard deviation.Different letters among bars indicate statistically significant difference at p≤0.05."

表1

空白（CK）、147 mg·kg-1微塑料（L）和782 mg·kg-1微塑料（H）处理对土壤化学性质的影响（0~15 cm）"

处理pHCEC (cmol·kg-1)有机质 (g·kg-1)全氮 (g·kg-1)全磷 (g·kg-1)有效磷（mg·kg-1）
CK6.75±0.12 a49.69±0.19 a27.30±4.87 a0.68±0.11 a1.03±0.07 a34.53±1.23 a
L6.63±0.15 a48.41±0.20 b18.05±0.58 b0.54±0.04 a0.87±0.09 b26.75±0.20 b
H6.77±0.02 a45.94±4.74 ab17.54±0.66 b0.54±0.07 a0.82±0.06 b21.39±0.38 c

图2

空白（CK）、147 mg·kg-1微塑料（L）和782 mg·kg-1微塑料（H）处理组下酸性、中性和碱性磷酸酶活性Data are means of three replicates ± standard deviation.Different letters among bars indicate statistically significant difference at p≤0.05."

图3

对照组、低浓度微塑料（147 mg·kg-1）和高浓度微塑料（782 mg·kg-1）处理下不同深度土层土壤结构"

表2

空白（CK）、147 mg·kg-1微塑料（L）和782 mg·kg-1微塑料（H）处理土壤样本中细菌丰富度和多样性指数"

处理Shannon指数Simpson指数Ace指数Chao指数
CK6.46±0.10a0.0069±0.0017a3203.57±109.82a3248.18±123.73a
L6.46±0.16a0.0086±0.0041a3248.95±98.34a3242.02±96.10a
H6.38±0.12a0.0093±0.0029a3172.73±92.24a3180.54±116.97a

图4

土壤养分指标（TP,AK,AP,TN,OM,TN,NH3_N,NOx_N）与不同处理组中属水平上微生物的冗余分析TP:total phosphorus,AK:available potassium,AP:available phosphorus,TN:total nitrogen,NH3_N:ammonium nitrogen,NOx_N:nitrate nitrogenlow：147 mg·kg-1 microplastic treatment,high：782 mg·kg-1 microplastic treatment."

图5

土壤养分指标与不同处理组中目水平上微生物的spearman相关性分析*表示0.01<p≤0.05，**表示0.001<p≤0.01"

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