南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 354–365.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2020.03.005

• • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地东部上寒武统SPICE事件检出及其油气地球化学意义

王浩哲1,2,刘虎3,韦志伟1,2,邓倩1,2,李诗达1,2,张海祖4,程斌1,廖泽文1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州，510640
    2.中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
    3.页岩气评价与开采四川省重点实验室，成都，610091
    4.中国石油塔里木油田分公司石油勘探开发研究院，库尔勒，841000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 廖泽文 E-mail:liaozw@gig.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”油气专项(2017ZX05008002);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA14010103)

Determination of SPICE event from the upper Cambrian strata and its geochemical significance in the eastern Tarim Basin, NW China

Haozhe Wang1,2,Hu Liu3,Zhiwei Wei1,2,Qian Deng1,2,Shida Li1,2,Haizu Zhang4,Bin Cheng1,Zewen Liao1()   

  1. 1.Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Guangzhou，510640，China
    2.College of Earth and Planetary Sciences，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing，100049，China
    3.Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province，Chengdu，610091，China
    4.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company，Korla，841000，China
  • Received:2020-03-03 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-03
  • Contact: Zewen Liao E-mail:liaozw@gig.ac.cn

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摘要：

国内外研究发现上寒武统沉积地层中普遍记录了一次碳酸盐岩碳同位素正向漂移，即SPICE(Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion)事件，在全球区域等时沉积地层中残余有机质(干酪根)也同时富集重的稳定碳同位素，通过分析这种协同关系以期探讨塔里木盆地台盆区已发现的部分异常富集13C油气藏的成因.前期研究发现塔里木盆地东部地区上寒武统底部存在可全球性对比的SPICE事件且具有有机/无机碳同位素组成协同正向漂移的特征.综合分析塔里木盆地台盆区烃源岩发育特征、有机质热演化程度以及生物发育特征等因素，初步研究结果认为目前发现的台盆区塔东2井寒武系、塔中62井志留系等原油富集13C同位素的成因可能是由于局部发育以冷生物物种(如蓝细菌等)为主要生物母质的富集重碳同位素的上寒武统烃源岩排烃、聚集、成藏的结果.

关键词: 上寒武统, SPICE事件, 稳定碳同位素, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

As the extensive work of oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin，it has been found that the stable carbon isotopic composition of some crude petroleum from the Cambrian?lower Ordovician source rocks in both platform and basin area does not match with the counterpart of residual organic matter in lower Paleozoic marine main hydrocarbon source rocks which has been identified. It is in conflict with the isotope fractionation of traditional hydrocarbon generation theory. The appearance of this abnormal carbon isotope composition is likely to be related to perturbations in the global carbon cycle. It is worth noting that an event named SPICE (Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion) which is one of the biggest perturbations of the global carbon cycle in the Paleozoic has been found at the boundary between Series 3 and Furongian of Cambrian in the marine strata of almost every early Paleozoic paleocontinental margin on the global. Further studies have found that heavier stable carbon isotope composition is also enriched by high residual organic matter in the marine carbonate rocks or kerogen in the isochronous organic?rich strata in some regions at the bottom of the upper Cambrian. In the eastern Tarim Basin，there was the SPICE event in the late Cambrian which could be compared globally and had the characteristic of co?positive drift of organic/inorganic carbon isotope composition. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the genetic mechanism of the co?positive drift，it is preliminarily believed that the origin of the crude oil(e.g. TD2()，TZ62(S) herein) enriched in 13C isotope may be the result of hydrocarbon expulsion and accumulation of the locally developed upper Cambrian source rocks enriched with heavy stable carbon isotope.

Key words: upper Cambrian, SPICE event, stable carbon isotope, Tarim Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

塔里木盆地海相油气藏分布示意图(据文献[17]修改)"

图2

塔里木盆地台盆区不同烃源岩碳同位素组成分布统计[17]"

图3

TD2()和TZ62(S)原油饱和烃、生物标记化合物分布特征"

图4

全球范围内上寒武统SPICE事件检出分布示意图(据文献[27,28]修改)"

图5

华南板块三个典型剖面上寒武统SPICE事件记录[8]"

图6

同位素地层曲线对比：(A)雅尔当山剖面；(B)TD2井碳酸盐岩碳（同位素数据引自文献[32]，箭头指示中/上寒武统界限的“SPICE”事件[9]）"

图7

全球年代地层格架及部分区域SPICE事件对比[33,34]"

图8

塔里木盆地雅尔当山剖面与TD2井SPICE事件记录[9]"

图9

塔里木盆地中?晚寒武世古沉积环境简图(据文献[42,43]修改)"

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