南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 816.
曹 俊1,2,郑翠娥1,2,孙大军1,2*,张殿伦1,2
Cao Jun1,2,Zheng Cuie1,2,Sun Dajun1,2*,Zhang Dianlun1,2
摘要: 基于单信标测距的定位方法,是水下载体声学定位技术的进一步发展,但是国内外的研究都是基于定位解算方法本身,研究过程中都是给定一个声学定位系统测距误差.本文针对其中的声学测距进行了研究,首次从水声学原理方面着手分析了影响声学测距的误差源以及各误差源对测距误差和定位精度的影响程度.首先分析了声信号传播速度的影响,无论是声速测量误差还是声线弯曲影响,测距误差都表现为一种随水平距离增加而增大的固定误差,水平定位误差在几十厘米的水平;然后分析了声信号传播介质的影响,环境噪声、信号混响和多途会造成信号检测与时延估计误差,测距误差的大小与时延估计误差成正比,水平定位误差与测时误差引起的测距误差大小相当;最后分析了声信号发射接收异步的影响,测距误差的大小既与载体航行速度成正比,也与发射点距信标与航迹垂线的距离成正比,水平定位误差的大小与载体航行速度成正比,载体航行速度1 m·s-1的情况下水平定位误差就达到了几米的水平,必须针对发射接收异步的情况进行补偿.
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