Heavy metals，as conventional pollutants，have received a lot of concerns for more than half a century regarding their potential risks in environmental safety and human health.By contrast，nanomaterials(NMs)have not been widely used until recent two decades.Nevertheless，their potential toxicity to various organisms or cells has been intensively investigated in recent years.Natural environment has a complicated matrix with the presence of various pollutants.When heavy metals and nanoparticles come across with each other in the environment，how they may interact with each other and how these interactions may influence the behavior and effects of each other remain largely unclear.The existing research shows that nanoparticles can absorb heavy metals and thus reduce their free ion concentration as a result of their extremely small size，large specific surface area，and abundant metalbinding functional groups on the surface.Heavy metal accumulation，distribution，and toxicity in aquatic organisms will be changed dramatically under this condition.On the other hand，abundant inorganic ions(i.e.，Ca2＋，Mg2＋，etc)in the surrounding environment reduce the stability of nanoparticles，induce their aggregation and further change their speciation and biological effects.
Tan Lingyan，Yang Liuyan，Miao Aijun*.
Engineered nanoparticle effects on heavy metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in aquatic ecosystem[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2016, 52(4): 582
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