南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 582–.
谭凌艳，杨柳燕，缪爱军*
Tan Lingyan，Yang Liuyan，Miao Aijun*
摘要： 重金属作为传统污染物具有显著生态毒性和健康风险，早在半个世纪之前就引起人们的广泛关注．相比较而言，纳米材料近20年来才被广泛应用于社会生活的各个领域，其潜在的生态风险已有大量报道．但是环境自身是一个非常复杂的介质，不存在单一的重金属或纳米颗粒污染．当重金属与纳米颗粒在环境中共存时，两者之间会发生怎样的相互作用，对各自环境行为与生物效应有何影响，目前并不十分清楚．有限的研究表明，由于纳米颗粒粒径介于1～100 nm之间，比表面积大且其表面存在多种官能团，对重金属离子有较强的吸附作用，从而降低重金属自由离子浓度．此种情况下，重金属在水生生物中的富集、分布与毒性将会发生显著改变．另一方面环境中大量存在的无机离子(如Ca2＋，Mg2＋等)，会降低纳米颗粒的稳定性，使其发生团聚从而改变纳米颗粒的赋存形态与生物效应．
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