华北平原咸－淡含水层间粘性土层的化学渗透效应研究

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 421–428.

华北平原咸－淡含水层间粘性土层的化学渗透效应研究

孙晓敏，吴剑锋*，施小清，吴吉春

出版日期:2016-07-02 发布日期:2016-07-02
作者简介: 南京大学地球科学与工程学院表生地球化学教育部重点实验室，南京，210023
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (41372235)

Experimental study of the interaction between saline and fresh groundwater induced by chemical osmosis in the aquitard for the North China Plain

Sun Xiaomin，Wu Jianfeng*，Shi Xiaoqing，Wu Jichun

Online:2016-07-02 Published:2016-07-02
About author: Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry，Ministry of Education，Department of Hydrosciences， School of Earth Sciences and Engineering，Nanjing University，Nanjing，210023，China

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过硬壁式渗透仪对取自华北平原典型咸淡水区域的原状土与以此制作的重塑土进行了渗透率以及化学渗透率系数σ的测定．在浓度差为0.152 M的浓度梯度下，测得原状土的σ＝0.013；重塑土的σ＝0.089.对两种土样来说，虽然具有同样的成分及孔隙度，但原状土的膜性能要小于重塑土．可以表明当粘土颗粒排列更加规则时，粘土会表现出更高的膜性能．在位于华北平原咸淡水典型区的衡水市桃城区，将本文确定的咸淡水界面下移情况与前人的研究进行了对比，发现下移速度较缓，考虑到该区的粘性土层具有一定的膜性能，认为该区的地下含水层系统形成了一个典型的化学渗透系统，产生的化学渗透压力一定程度的抵消了由于过采深层淡水导致的向下的水头差，使咸淡水界面的下移速率减弱．研究结果对华北平原咸水下移机理提供了科学依据．

Abstract: In this paper we use rigid wall permeameter to measure the hydraulic conductivities and chemicoosmotic efficiency ratios σ of the insitu clay and derivate remolded clay from typical salt and fresh water areas in North China Plain.When the difference of concentration is 0.512 M，the values of σ are 0.013 for the insitu clay and 0.089 for the remolded clay，respectively.Insitu clay has poorer membrane property than the remolded clay with the same components and porosity.Therefore it is inferred that clay has better membrane property when its grains have better degree of order.We measure the down shift velocity of saltfresh water interface in Taocheng，Hengshui，which is slower than the velocity that former researchers got.We then infer that the groundwater system in this area is a typical chemical osmosis system with the membrane property of its clay layer.The chemicoosmotic efficiency partially lowers the downward hydraulic gradient and down shift of the saltfresh water interface caused by over exploitation of the deep fresh groundwater.This result would help in understanding the mechanism of the salt water down shift problem in North China Plain.

孙晓敏，吴剑锋*，施小清，吴吉春. 华北平原咸－淡含水层间粘性土层的化学渗透效应研究[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 52(3): 421–428.

Sun Xiaomin，Wu Jianfeng*，Shi Xiaoqing，Wu Jichun. Experimental study of the interaction between saline and fresh groundwater induced by chemical osmosis in the aquitard for the North China Plain
[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2016, 52(3): 421–428.

参考文献

[1]　费宇红，张兆吉，宋海波等．华北平原地下咸水垂向变化及机理探讨．水资源保护，2009，25(6)：21－23.(Fei Y H，Zhang Z J，Song H B，et al.Discussion of vertical variations of saline groundwater and mechanism in North China Plain.Water Resources Protection，2009，25(6)：21－23.)
[2] 宋海波，张兆吉，费宇红等．开采条件下河北平原中部咸淡水界面下移．水文地质工程地质，2007，34(1)：44－46.(Song H B，Zhang Z J，Fei Y H，et al.Downmovement of the freshsaline groundwater interface in the middle of the Hebei Plain under the condition of exploitation.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，2007，34(1)：44－46.)
[3] 钱　永．开采条件下华北平原浅层地下水系统演变研究．硕士论文学位．石家庄：中国地质科学院，2007.(Qian Y．Research on evolvement of shallow groundwater system impacted by exploiting in North China Plain.Master Dissertation.Shijiazhuang：Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，2007.)
[4] 周晓妮．华北平原东部典型区浅层地下水化学特征及可利用性研究．硕士论文学位．石家庄：中国地质科学院，2008.(Zhou X N．The chemical characteristics and available analysis of unconfined groundwater in the typical area of North East China Plaincase in Hengshui.Master Dissertation.Shijiazhuang：Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，2008.)
[5] Hanshaw B B，Hill G A．Geochemistry and hydrodynamics of the Paradox basin region，Utah，Colorado and New Mexico.Chemical Geology，1969，4(1)：263－294.
[6] Young A，Low P F．Osmosis in argillaceous rocks：Geological notes.AAPG Bulletin，1965，49(7)：1004－1007.
[7] Takeda M，Hiratsuka T，et al.Ito K．Experimental examination of the relationships among chemicoosmotic，hydraulic，and diffusion parameters of Wakkanai mudstones.Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2014，119(5)：4178－4201.
[8] Neuzil C E，Provost A M．Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface.Water Resources Research，2009，45(3)：W03410，DOI：10.1029/2007WR006450.
[9] Neuzil C E．Osmotic generation of ‘anomalous’ fluid pressures in geological environments.Nature，2000，403(6766)：182－184.
[10] Fritz S J，Marine I W．Experimental support for a predictive osmotic model of clay membranes.Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta，1983，47(8)：1515－1522.
[11] Kharaka Y K，Berry F A F．The influence of geological membranes on the geochemistry of sub surface waters from Miocene sediments at Kettleman North Dome in California.Water Resources Research.1974，10(2)：313－327.
[12] Bader S．Osmosis in groundwater：chemical and electrical extensions to Darcy’s Law.Ph.D Dissertation.TU Delft，Delft University of Technology，2005.
[13] Keijzer Th J S，Loch J P G．Chemical osmosis in compacted dredging sludge.Soil Science Society of America Journal，2001，65(4)：1045－1055.
[14] Olsen H W．Simultaneous fluxes of liquid and charge in saturated kaolinite.Soil Science Society of America Journal，1969，33(3)：338－344.
[15] Kedem O，Katchalsky A．Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to nonelectrolytes.Biochimicaetbiophysica Acta，1958，27：229－246.
[16] Garavito A M，Kooi H，et al.Numerical modeling of a longterm in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale，South Dakota.Advances in Water Resources，2006，29(3)：481－492.
[17] 高业新．华北平原典型地区大规模开采条件下不同层位含水组地下水互动关系研究．博士论文学位．石家庄：中国地质科学院，2008.(Gao Y X．Study on groundwater hydraulic connection in different aquifersunder mass pumped conditions in typical area North China Plain.Ph.D.Dissertation.Shijiazhuang：Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，2008.)
[18] Dunn R J，Mitchell J K．Fluid conductivity testing of finegrained soils.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1984，110(11)：1648－1665.
[19] Keijzer T J S．Chemical osmosis in natural clayey materials.Ph.D Dissertation.Utrecht：Utrecht University，2000.
[20] 宋海波．华北平原典型区地下水质及咸淡水界面变化研究．硕士论文学位．石家庄：中国地质科学院，2006.(Song H B．Research on the change of groundwater quality and the interface of salt and fresh water in the representative area of North China Plain.Master Dissertation.Shijiazhuang：Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，2006.)
[21] Henning John T，Evans Jeffrey C，Shackelford Charles D．Membrane behavior of two backfills from fieldconstructed soilbentonite cutoff walls.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2006，132(10)：1243－1249.
[22] Marine I Wendell，Fritz Steven J．Osmotic model to explain anomalous hydraulic heads.Water Resources Research，1981，17(1)：73－82.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed