上海市一次重霾污染过程的特征及成因分析

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 463–.

上海市一次重霾污染过程的特征及成因分析

张欣1,2，王体健3，许建明2，朱佳雷3

出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
作者简介:(1、上海中心气象台,上海,200030;2、上海市城市环境气象中心,上海,200135; 3、南京大学大气科学学院,南京,210093)
基金资助:
中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2014-022）、上海市科研计划项目（14DZ1202904）

Characteristics and formation mechanism of a serious haze episode in December 2013 in Shanghai

Zhang Xin1,2Wang Tijian3, Xu Jianming2Zhu Jialei3

Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02
About author:(1 Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, Shanghai 200030, China; 2 Shanghai Centre on Urban Environmental Meteorology, Shanghai 200135, China; 3 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用PM2.5、PM10、O3、NO2、CO 等5种大气成分浓度数据、常规气象观测数据和NCEP再分析资料，结合HYSPLIT4 后向轨迹模式，对2013年12月1~9日发生在上海市的一次大面积、长时间重霾污染天气过程，从大气成分浓度变化、天气形势特征及成因机制等方面进行了综合分析。研究表明，此次重霾污染期间的日AQI指数均超过150的中度污染限值，水平能见度最低降至100米以下，首要污染物PM2.5最高小时浓度达到602.3μg·m-3，创造了上海市有PM2.5监测记录以来的历史峰值。本次过程具有较强的区域性，是一次大范围的重霾天气过程，受气象条件这一扩散大背景影响很大。相比于近十年的气象场平均态而言，此次污染时段内的高空场更不利于上升运动的发展，更加静稳的地面高压场分布为重霾污染天气的发生、发展提供了有利的气象条件，近地面稳定的大气层结和静小风，非常不利于污染物的扩散。研究还表明该污染事件与大范围秸秆集中燃烧，造成大量污染物排放有一定关系。通过后向轨迹计算分析，发现颗粒物长距离输送对区域污染产生重要影响。

Abstract: A heavy haze episode from 1st to 9 th in December 2013 in Shanghai was analyzed. In this paper we reported a research of exploring the pollution characteristic and the mechanism of the haze event with emphasizing the concentrations variation of polluting components, the synoptic condition and the source of the heavy haze event. The AQIs(air quality indexs) during this haze period were all above 150 and the highest hourly PM2.5 concentration was 602.3 μg·m-3, creating a new record in Shanghai, and the visibility was less than 100m during this period. Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory issued a haze orange waining signal on 7:22 of the December 2nd, and this is the first time in Shanghai issued a haze orange signal warning. The results show that the formation of heavy haze event was direct ly relate d to the atmospheric condition. Steady circumfluence of the atmosphere made the haze event last a long time in a large region. On the other hand, there was a weak high pressure at the surface in the area of Shanghai, therefore the atmospheric current flowed downward the area to make the upward diffusion of pollutants and turbulence was restrained. We also analysis the mean height at 500hPa, mean sea level pressure field and sea level wind field of 1st to 9 th of 1994-2013. The result shows that comparing with the 10 years average state, the pressure field during the haze episold is obviously weaker, the air pressure is lower, the pressure gradient is smaller and all these lead to a smaller ground wind speed. is not conducive to the level of pollutant diffusion.Therefore, the pollutants could not diffuse horizontally quickly. In addition, the Hysplit4 trajectory model indicated that the source of the pollutants in Shanghai was from Hubei , Jiangsu and Anhui provinces，and at the same time, the MODIS instrument aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites observed many fire dots in these areas before the haze. Therefore, and the burning of straw in east China could be one reason for the heavy haze episode.

张欣1,2，王体健3，许建明2，朱佳雷3. 上海市一次重霾污染过程的特征及成因分析[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(3): 463–.

Zhang Xin1,2Wang Tijian3, Xu Jianming2Zhu Jialei3. Characteristics and formation mechanism of a serious haze episode in December 2013 in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2015, 51(3): 463–.

参考文献

[1] 白志鹏, 董海燕, 蔡斌彬, 等, 2006. 灰霾与能见度研究进展. 第八届全国气溶胶会议暨海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会, 173~180.

[2] Elridge R G, 1966. Climatic visibilities of the United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 5, 227~282.

[3] Miller M E, Cnfield, N L, Ritter, T A, et al., 1972. Visibility changes in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee from 1962 to 1969. Monthly Weather Review, 100, 156~161.

[4] Munn R E, 1973. Secular increases in summer haziness in the Atlantic Provinces. Atmosphere, 11, 156~161.

[5] Trijonis J, 1982. Existing and natural background levels of visibility and fine particles in the rural East. Atmos. Environ., 16 (10), 2431~2445.

[6] Schichtel B A, Husar R B, Falke S R, et al., 20010. Haze trends over the United States, 1980-1995. Atmos. Environ., 35, 5205~5210.

[7] Sloane C S, Watson, J, Chow J, et al., 1991. Size-segregated fine particle measurements by chemical species and their impacts on visibility impairment in Denver. Atmos. Environ., 25, 1013~1024.

[8] Malm W C, 1992. Characteristics and origins of haze in the continental United States, Earth-Science Reviews, 33 (1), 1~36.

[9] Malm W C, Sisler J F, Huffman D, et al., 1994. Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D1), 1347~1370.

[10] Malm W C, and Kreidenweis S M, 1997. The effects of models of aerosol hygroscopicity on the apportionment of extinction. Atmos. Environ., 31, 1965~1976.

[11] Malm W C, and Pitchford M L, 1997. Comparison of calculated sulfate scattering efficient as estimated from size-resolved particle measurements at three national locations. Atmos. Environ., 31, 1315~1325.

[12] White W H, Macias E S, Nininger R C, et al., 1994. Size-resolved measurements of light scattering by ambient particles in the southwestern U.S.A. Atmos. Environ., 28, 909~921.

[13] 饶晓琴, 李峰, 周宁芳, 等. 我国中东部一次大范围霾天气的分析. 气象, 2008, 34(6): 89~96.

[14] 朱佳雷, 王体健, 邢莉, 等. 江苏省一次重霾污染天气的特征和机理分析. 中国环境科学, 2011,31(12):1943~1950.

[15] 孙燕, 张备, 严文莲, 等. 南京及周边地区一次严重烟霾天气的分析. 高原气象, 2010,29(3):794~800.

[16] 吴兑, 吴晟, 李海燕, 等．穗港晴沙两重—2010 年3 月17-—23日珠三角典型灰霾过程分析．环境科学学报, 2011.31( 4):695~703.

[17] 杨欣, 陈义珍, 刘厚凤, 等. 北京2013 年1 月连续强霾过程的污染特征及成因分析. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(2)：282~288.

[18] 张人禾, 李强, 张若楠. 2013 年1 月中国东部持续性强雾霾天气产生的气象条件分析. 中国科学：地球科学, 2014,44(1):27~36.

[19] Kalnay E, Knamitsu M, Kistler R, et al. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc, 77: 437–471.

[20] Wang J, Christopher S A. Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5 mass: implications for air quality studies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003,30 (21).

[21] 李成才,毛节泰,刘启汉等. 利用MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶产品研究北京及周边地区的大气污染. 大气科学,2003, 27(5).177~186.

[22] 陈林,石广玉,秦世广等. 2008年北京奥运会期间大气气溶胶物理特征分析. 气候与环境研究. 2009,14(6).

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed