南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 405.
张淑娟,周丽霞,潘丙才
Zhou Lixia, Zhang Shujuan *, Pan Bingcai
摘要: 作为一种新型的碳质纳米材料,碳纳米管因其独特的物理和化学性能被广泛应用于各种高性能材料或器件。碳纳米管一旦被排放到水体中,因其巨大的比表面积将导致水环境中共存物质形态的改变,碳纳米管自身的赋存状态也将因共存物质的吸附而改变,从而直接或间接影响水体的毒理学特性。因此,有关碳纳米管聚集和沉降行为的研究对预测和评价其在自然水体中的环境效应具有重要的意义。本文通过描述胶体作用力的经典Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) 理论和非DLVO作用力,并借助时间分辨的动态光散射、石英晶体微天平和柱过滤测试,探讨了碳纳米管在水溶液中的聚集和沉降动力学,分析了碳纳米管的结构特性、电解质、溶液pH和天然有机质等因素对碳纳米管在水溶液中分散稳定性的影响及原因,阐明了控制碳纳米管颗粒在水溶液中聚集和沉降行为的作用机制,指出了在碳纳米管的聚集和沉降行为研究中存在的技术难点,并对未来碳纳米管的实验研究进行了展望。
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