Abstract: The microstructure, morphology and composition of the main deterioration products of the glaze layer, as well as the interface between glaze and body in the representative glazed tiles excavated from the site of Bao’en temple in Nanjing had been tested by scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The surrounding soil properties of the glazed samples had also been analyzed and the corrosion mechanism of the typical samples had been explored. The results show the corrosion of glaze layer has a direct relationship with the composition of glaze layer, which is mainly composed of the lead oxides, and the different degree of corrosion and the lead / calcium phosphate complex, as well as the crystalline of lead phosphorylate and lead carbonate had been analyzed respectively in the different color glaze layers. The changes of chemical composition and surface structure in glaze layer are related to the water membrane, pH, ion exchange and adsorption, as well as the soil colloidal particles in the soil. The analysis of the main deterioration of glazed tiles excavated from the site of Bao’en temple in Nanjing provides effective information for preserving the deteriorated products and the subsequently relevant protection.