南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2013, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 665.
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李福春1*,郭文文1, 2
Li Fu-Chun1, Guo Wen-Wen1, 2
摘要: 研究微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的能力对于理解碳酸盐的微生物矿化机理具有重要的意义。微生物参与下碳酸钙系列矿物的形成过程既与微生物本身的性质有关,而且还与物理化学条件密切相关。因而,实验条件相同是对不同微生物矿化能力开展对比研究的前提。目前,针对不同类型微生物的矿化能力而开展的对比研究工作还相当缺乏,相关的认识主要是基于各研究者根据微生物类型来确定实验条件(尤其是培养基成分)进而开展实验所获得的结果。为了对比研究不同微生物在促进碳酸盐矿物形成以及对所形成矿物种类和形态的影响,本文利用从同一土壤样品中分离得到的三种好氧细菌-蜡状芽孢杆菌(GW-1菌株)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(GW-2菌株)和微杆菌(GW-3菌株)在B4培养基中、在完全相同的条件下进行了为期40 d的培养实验。测定了沉淀物重量、溶液的pH值和电导率,并利用SEM 和XRD技术对矿物形态和组成进行了观察和测定。实验结果表明:(1)三株细菌均具有诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的能力,其能力的大小顺序为:GW-2菌株>GW-1菌株>GW-3菌株;(2)细菌死亡后的自溶过程使溶液pH值升高;(3)GW-1菌株和GW-2菌株作用下分别形成四方双锥状方解石和半球状方解石,而GW-3菌株则有利于形成球状球霰石。此外,文中还讨论了细菌促进碳酸盐矿物形成的主要过程,认为细菌在新陈代谢过程中将有机氮源转化为NH4+和死亡细菌的自溶可能是导致溶液pH值升高并促进碳酸盐矿物沉淀的主要过程,细菌呼吸作用产生CO2及其后的化学过程是细菌将有机碳源转化为无机碳沉淀的主要途径。
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