南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 890–899.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2023.05.017

• • 上一篇    

无锡浅埋岩溶发育特征及其与隧道安全距离研究

郭书兰1,2, 阎长虹3, 俞良晨3, 闫超1,2(), 李慧4, 徐源4   

  1. 1.智能地下探测技术重点实验室，安徽建筑大学，合肥，230601
    2.安徽建筑大学土木工程学院，合肥，230601
    3.南京大学地球科学与工程学院，南京，210023
    4.南京地铁建设有限责任公司，南京，210008
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-13 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 闫超 E-mail:2904655474@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42077232);安徽省住房和城乡建设科学技术计划(2022?YF017);安徽建筑大学引进人才及博士启动基金(2022QDZ26)

Characteristics of shallow buried karst and its safety distance to tunnel in Wuxi city, Jiangsu province

Shulan Guo1,2, Changhong Yan3, Liangchen Yu3, Chao Yan1,2(), Hui Li4, Yuan Xu4   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
    2.School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
    3.School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
    4.Nanjing Metro Group Co. , Ltd, Nanjing, 210008, China
  • Received:2023-05-13 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-13
  • Contact: Chao Yan E-mail:2904655474@qq.com

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摘要：

在江苏无锡惠山附近修建地铁过程中发现了较多的浅埋岩溶，通过钻孔资料和跨孔地震CT试验对该地的岩溶发育特征进行了详细分析.同时，根据溶洞的大小、位置和填充等情况，将其分为四种类型.为了探讨该场区地铁隧道开挖后的稳定性问题，采用有限差分的方法，研究了隧道与溶洞之间的距离及溶洞填充物对隧道整体稳定性的影响.最后，根据设计规范，确定了隧道与溶洞之间的安全距离.结果表明，场区内大部分溶洞呈扁球形或椭球形，并由含砾石的粉质黏土或淤泥质粉质黏土充填，最发育的溶洞埋深在26~30 m和32~36 m，溶洞直径为1~10 m；综合来看场区内Ⅰ型溶洞对隧道安全施工的威胁最小；四种岩溶类型与隧道之间的安全距离为5 m或≥11 m.本研究成果可为江苏省浅埋岩溶地区其他拟建隧道的设计和施工提供技术参考.

关键词: 无锡地区, 浅埋岩溶, 盾构隧道, 稳定性, 安全距离, 数值模拟

Abstract:

During the construction of subway in Wuxi city,Jiangsu province,shallow karst was found near the Huishan mountain. The karst development characteristics of this karst development area were analysed through borehole data and cross hole seismic CT field test. Based on their size,position,and type of filling,we divided these shallow karst caves into four types. Aimed at exploring the instability of the tunnel after excavation,numerical analyses have been developed by using the Finite difference method. Both the effects of the distance between tunnel and karst caves and the effects of the filling of the cavities on the overall stability of the rock mass around the tunnel have been investigated. According to the design criteria,safety distance between tunnel and karst caves was determined. The results show that most of the karst caves in the site are spheroid or ellipsoid and filled with silty clay or muddy silty clay containing gravel. The burial depth of the most developed karst caves is between 26~30 m and 32~36 m,and the diameter of the karst caves is 1m to 10m; By comparison,the type I karst cave poses the least threat to the safe construction of the tunnel; The safe distance is 5m or ≥ 11m. The research results can provide technical reference for the design and construction of other proposed tunnels in shallow karst areas of Jiangsu province.

Key words: Wuxi city, shallow karst, shield tunnel, stability, safety distance, numerical simulation

中图分类号: 

  • P642

图1

研究区地铁隧道和勘探点平面布置图(a)及典型工程地质剖面图(b)"

图2

研究区三维地形示意图"

图3

钻孔岩溶照片"

图4

跨孔CT探测系统"

图5

基于跨孔CT解译结果的场区岩溶发育图"

表1

场区溶洞分类表"

岩溶类型直径（长轴）溶洞距土岩界面最小距离(m)充填物
Ⅰ≥10 m0.5含砾石粉质黏土
Ⅱ6 m≤上部溶洞长轴<10 m1.0淤泥质粉质黏土全充填
4 m≤下部溶洞长轴<8 m
Ⅲ8 m≤长轴<10 m0.0半充填淤泥质粉质黏土
Ⅳ<4 m0.5无充填

表2

数值模拟工况"

溶洞直径（长轴,m)充填类型隧道底部⁃溶洞顶部的距离D (m)

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

Ⅳ

12

8（上部溶洞）/6（下部溶洞）

8

4

含砾石粉质黏土全充填

淤泥质粉质黏土全充填

半充填淤泥质粉质黏土

空洞

1/3/5/7/9/11/13

1/3/5/7/9/11/13

1/3/5/7/9/11/13

1/3/5/7/9/11/13

图6

四种类型溶洞的数值模拟模型（D=5 m）"

表3

地层物理和力学参数"

地层/充填物厚度(m)密度 (kN·m-³)黏聚力(kPa)摩擦角(°)弹性模量（GPa）剪切模量（GPa）

填土

黏土

3

18.8

18.56

34.2

40.0

12.2

13.6

0.0293

0.04438

0.01007
130.01686
碎石土623.015.034.00.08120.03416
残积土523.04.2838.50.12530.04722
灰岩4524.298.645.30.46310.2219

含碎石粉质黏土(充填物)

淤泥质粉质黏土(充填物)

-

-

18.2

18.0

12.9

10.2

10.8

8.9

0.02427

0.01386

0.00948

0.00778

表4

隧道开挖围岩最大变形值 (mm)"

溶洞类型

D=

1 m

D=

3 m

D=

5 m

D=

7 m

D=

9 m

D=

11 m

D=

13 m

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

Ⅳ

35.9

43.7

43.2

45.8

28.8

32.6

30.2

31.9

21.9

27.2

28.4

27.3

30.2

31.3

30.5

31.2

27.6

29.6

28.2

29.8

23.7

22.0

23.0

24.7

18.0

18.3

17.3

18.0

图7

隧道拱顶沉降位移图"

图8

不同条件下Ⅰ型溶洞引起地表沉降位移云图"

图9

不同条件下Ⅱ型溶洞引起地表沉降位移云图"

图10

不同条件下Ⅲ型溶洞引起地表沉降位移云图"

图11

不同条件下Ⅳ型溶洞引起地表沉降位移云图"

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