南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 322–337.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2020.03.003

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准噶尔盆地芦草沟组致密油系统油源对比与成藏非均质性研究

王俞策1,曹剑1(),陶柯宇1,李二庭2,向宝力2,施春华1   

  1. 1.南京大学地球科学与工程学院，南京，210023
    2.中国石油新疆油田分公司，克拉玛依，834000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 曹剑 E-mail:jcao@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41830425);中国石油重大科技专项(2017E?0401)

Oil⁃source correlation and accumulation heterogeneity of tight oils in the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin

Yuce Wang1,Jian Cao1(),Keyu Tao1,Erting Li2,Baoli Xiang2,Chunhua Shi1   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering，Nanjing University，Nanjing，210023，China
    2.Research Institute of Experiment and Testing，PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay，834000，China
  • Received:2020-03-03 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-03
  • Contact: Jian Cao E-mail:jcao@nju.edu.cn

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摘要：

致密油成藏的非均质性是当前致密油研究的热点与难点，为进一步深化对其的理解，以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组为例，开展了一个实例研究.结果表明，芦草沟组垂向上总体可分为上、下甜点体及其所夹的中部泥岩段.烃源岩研究发现，芦草沟组整段发育优质烃源岩，并以上下甜点体更好，主要生物母质为水生藻类，干酪根类型主要是II型，成熟演化.油源对比研究发现，芦草沟组“下甜点体”自生自储、近源聚集.相比而言，“上甜点体”除了也有近源聚集特征外，同时跨层为上覆上二叠统梧桐沟组提供油源.而中部泥岩段所生原油主要运移至“上甜点体”成藏.故芦草沟组的成藏从下到上依次为近源聚集、纵向运移、近源聚集以及纵向运移，表现出强烈的非均质性，这可能是陆相致密油聚集的普遍特征，在勘探开发中需加以关注，从页岩油?致密油?常规油全含油气系统的角度考虑.这些认识可应用于区域下一步油气勘探部署中.

关键词: 致密油, 页岩油, 成藏非均质性, 全含油气系统, 咸化湖盆, 芦草沟组, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

The heterogeneity of accumulation is highlighted and challenging in the study of tight oil systems. To improve the understanding of ths issue，this study conductes a case study in the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimusar sag，Junggar basin. Results show that the Lucaogou Formation can be divided into three sections，i.e.，the Upper sweet spots，the Lower sweet spots，and the middle section mudstones intervening the two sweet spots. Orgnic rich source rock are developed not only in the two sweet spots but also in the entire middle section mudstones. Kerogen is primarily Type II with the contribution of auqtic alage. Thermal maturity is moderate. Oil?source correlation reveals the source rocks and reservoirs have similar geochemical characteristics in the lower sweet spots，reflecting a proximal hydrocarbon accumulation pattern (near?source accumulation). In contrast，the hydrocarbons generated in the upper sweet spots are not only preserved in the upper sweet spots internally but also migrated to the overlying upper Permian Wutonggou Formation reservoirs. Oils generated in the middle section mudstones also migrated to the high?quality reservoirs in the upper sweet spots. As such，the tight oil accumulation is complex in the study area. From base to top，the accumulation patterns in the Lucaogou Formation were near?source accumulation，vertical migration and accumulation，near?source accumulation，and vertical migration and accumulation，thereby showing strong heterogeneities. Our data suggest that these processes and patterns might be typical of tight oil accumulations universally，especiall in lacustrine systems. The exploration and study should be extended to the totoal petroleum systems including shale oil，tight oil and conventiaonl oil. In addition，the results will provide significant guidance for future exploration and exploitation in the region.

Key words: tight oil, shale oil, heterogeneous hydrocarbon acumulation, total petroleum systems, brackish lacustrine basin, Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin

中图分类号: 

  • P59

图1

吉木萨尔凹陷构造位置及井位概况图(A)吉木萨尔凹陷在准噶尔盆地中的位置；(B)吉木萨尔凹陷井位分布厚度图"

图2

吉木萨尔凹陷地层与构造基本格架地震剖面P2j=二叠系井井子组，P2l=二叠系芦草沟组，P3wt=二叠系梧桐沟组，J1b=侏罗系八道湾组，K1tg=白垩系吐谷鲁群，E=古近系.剖面位置参见图1B"

图3

吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组综合柱状图(吉174井)CALI=井径，GR=伽马射线，SP=自然电位，DEN=密度，AC=声波时差，RT=地层电阻率，RI=侵入带电阻率,P2l11=下芦草沟组上段，P2l12=下芦草沟组下段，P2l21=上芦草沟组上段，P2l22=上芦草沟组下段"

图4

吉174井芦草沟组地球化学特征综合柱状图（A）总有机碳含量与深度关系；（B）生烃潜力与深度关系；（C）最高热解温度与深度关系；（D）氢指数与深度关系；（E）镜质体反射率与深度关系；（F）碳同位素与深度关系"

表1

芦草沟组烃源岩基础及同位素地球化学特征"

地球化学特征范围

芦草沟组

(98个)

上甜点体

(35个)

中部泥岩段上段(25个)中部泥岩段下段(16个)

下甜点体

(22个)

TOC

（%）

Min0.270.270.430.360.35
Max13.913.912.317.938.42
Ave3.644.363.192.73.86

PG=S1+S2

（mg HC·g-1 Rock）

Min0.150.150.820.740.48
Max176.65176.6549.7145.8349.63
Ave18.3227.6414.389.3116.63

Tmax

（℃）

Min436439443438436
Max455454455450452
Ave447.31447.27450.04446445.23

HI

（mg HC·g-1 TOC）

Min35.935.971.9589.4785.45
Max1417.071417.07798.51563.18568.76
Ave334.32389.17373.76232.59288.69

Ro

（%）

Min0.780.780.790.860.86
Max0.950.880.880.910.95
Ave0.870.840.850.890.90

碳同位素

（‰）

Min-34.04-33.69-34.04-31.76-31.19
Max-29.28-30.54-29.28-30.42-30.17
Ave-31.55-31.55-32.56-31.13-30.69

表2

原油物性及族组分组成特征"

井号层位区域

样品深度段

(m)

密度

(g·cm-3)

含蜡量(%)饱和烃(%)芳香烃(%)非烃(%)沥青质(%)
吉174P2l1下甜点体3255.00~3314.000.92224.7748.1117.3030.823.77
吉251P2l13960.00~4976.000.89383.5054.8018.1523.293.76
吉36P2l14391.00~5547.000.90713.6055.9816.7721.265.99
吉23P2l2上甜点体东南凹陷区2309.00~2385.000.883822.9780.9813.264.321.44
吉301P2l22773.50~2776.500.880312.4069.0114.3313.663.00
吉37P2l22830.00~2849.000.896515.1066.1413.6118.032.22
吉174P2l2上甜点体中心沉积区3116.00~3146.000.878813.1065.4718.7514.591.19
吉172P2l23133.00~4360.000.892614.9564.8814.2120.110.80
吉171P2l23074.00~3102.500.89348.3162.5018.6115.833.05
吉002P3wt梧桐沟组1591.00~1601.000.92243.5651.8520.2325.931.99
吉003P3wt1559.00~1605.000.94347.9442.6924.2730.992.05
吉014P3wt1724.00~1736.000.91817.3053.0220.1324.832.02

图5

吉174井烃源岩抽提物生物标志化合物色谱和色质谱图"

图6

吉174井芦草沟组有机质来源与沉积环境判识(A) Pr/nC17与Ph/nC18关系；(B) Pr/Ph与伽马蜡烷指数关系"

图7

吉174井芦草沟组烃源岩样品萜烷类化合物关系图(A) C22/ C21三环萜烷比值和C24/C23三环萜烷比值相关关系；(B) C31R/C30藿烷与C26/C25三环萜烷相关关系；(C) C20/C21三环萜烷比值与C21/C23三环萜烷比值相关关系；(D) C24Tet/C26TT与C20/C21三环萜烷比值相关关系"

图8

吉174井烃源岩甾烷类化合物特征(A) αααC27?C2920R甾烷三元图；(B) 甾烷成熟度关系"

图9

油源对比地球化学分析(A) 姥植比与碳同位素相关关系；(B) 姥植比与伽马蜡烷指数相关关系；(C)萜烷类化合物相关关系；(D)甾烷类化合物相关关系"

图10

吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油成藏模式"

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