微生物碳酸盐岩同生⁃早成岩阶段有机质降解示踪：以四川盆地灯影组四段为例

doi:10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2020.03.002

南京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 308–321.doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2020.03.002

微生物碳酸盐岩同生⁃早成岩阶段有机质降解示踪：以四川盆地灯影组四段为例

游杰^1,²,胡广^1,²(),张玺华³,沈安江^4,⁵,彭瀚霖³,田兴旺³,赵东方^1,²

^1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，西南石油大学，成都，610500
^2.中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室，西南石油大学研究分室，成都，610500
^3.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院，成都，610051
^4.中国石油杭州地质研究院，杭州，310023
^5.中国石油天然气集团公司碳酸盐岩储集层重点实验室，杭州，310023

收稿日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-03
通讯作者: 胡广 E-mail:guanghu1198119@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41872155)

Geochemical tracing of organic matter degradation in microbial carbonates during syngenetic⁃early diagenesis: A case study from the Member IV of Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin

Jie You^1,²,Guang Hu^1,²(),Xihua Zhang³,Anjiang Shen^4,⁵,Hanlin Peng³,Xingwang Tian³,Dongfang Zhao^1,²

^1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu，610500，China
^2.Research Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir，CNPC，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu，610500，China
^3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company，PetroChina，Chengdu，610051，China
^4.Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology，Hangzhou，310023，China
^5.Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs，CNPC，Hangzhou，310023，China

Received:2020-03-03 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-03
Contact: Guang Hu E-mail:guanghu1198119@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物碳酸盐岩中有机质在同生?早成岩阶段的降解既可以产生酸性流体对碳酸盐颗粒进行溶解，扩大后期成储流体通道，有利于储层发育；但也可能导致孔隙水处在碱性环境下，形成碳酸盐矿物胶结，阻碍溶蚀流体对储层的改造.因此，同生?早成岩期有机质降解对微生物岩储层储集空间的形成有重要影响，但研究薄弱.以四川盆地北部地区上震旦统灯影组四段(灯四段)微生物碳酸盐岩为例，综合岩石学和原位微区地球化学分析(LA?ICP?MS)，开展了这一降解过程的地球化学示踪研究.结果显示，当微生物碳酸盐岩中的有机质处于有氧降解时，微亮晶和亮晶组构均具有Ce负异常；当亮晶组构Ce元素转变为正异常时，表明有机质进入厌氧降解阶段.此外，微生物岩亮晶组构中Cr含量高于微亮晶组构，可以作为有机质降解经过了硝酸盐还原过程的识别标志.如果有机质被Fe?Mn氧化物氧化降解，则会造成微生物岩微亮晶组构中Fe含量高于亮晶组构.随着成岩环境的还原状态进一步加强，有机质降解进入硫酸盐还原阶段，将导致微生物岩中亮晶组构相对于微亮晶组构富集Cu，Mo元素.因此，Ce，Cr，Fe，Mo，Cu等元素在微生物岩不同岩石组构中的变化可以有效识别微生物岩同生?早成岩阶段有机质降解的成岩环境并示踪有机质降解过程.

关键词: 有机质降解, 地化特征, 微生物碳酸盐岩, 灯四段, 川北地区

Abstract:

The degradation of organic matter in microbial carbonates during early diagenesis not only can produce acidic fluids to dissolve carbonate grains，which may amplify the channels for later dissolution and be beneficial to the development of reservoirs，but also can result in alkaline pore water that precipitates carbonate cements which may hinder the development of reservoir. Therefore，the degradation of organic matter during syngenetic?early diagenesis stage has important impacts on the development of reservoir in microbial carbonates. However，the characteristics and recognization about degradation of organic matter in microbial carbonates have not yet been studied. In this study，we conducted petrological analyses and in situ geochemical for microbial carbonates from the Member IV of Dengying Formation，Northern Sichuan Basin to characterize organic matter degradation in microbial carbonates. Results show that when the organic matter in the microbial carbonates is degraded by aerobic respiration，both the microspar and sparite components have negative Ce anomalies，whereas the positive Ce anomaly of sparite component indicates that the degradation of organic matter is under an anaerobic environment. If organic matters in microbial carbonate are oxygenated by nitrate reduction，the Cr concentration of microspar component is lower than that in sparite component. If the organic matter is degraded by Fe?Mn oxides reduction，the Fe concentration in microspar component is higher than that of sparite component. With the reduction state of diagenetic environment further strengthening，the organic matter may be further degraded by sulfate reduction，which leads to the higher Cu and Mo concentrations in the sparite component compared with the microspar component in microbial carbonates. As a consequence，the variation of elements Ce，Cr，Fe，Mo，Cu in components of microbial carbonates could reflect the diagenetic environment，and also can trace the process of the organic matter degradation effectively.

Key words: organic matter degradation, geochemical characteristics, microbial carbonates, Member IV of Dengying Formation, Northern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

P595

游杰, 胡广, 张玺华, 沈安江, 彭瀚霖, 田兴旺, 赵东方. 微生物碳酸盐岩同生⁃早成岩阶段有机质降解示踪：以四川盆地灯影组四段为例[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 56(3): 308–321.

Jie You, Guang Hu, Xihua Zhang, Anjiang Shen, Hanlin Peng, Xingwang Tian, Dongfang Zhao. Geochemical tracing of organic matter degradation in microbial carbonates during syngenetic⁃early diagenesis: A case study from the Member IV of Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2020, 56(3): 308–321.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

表1

灯四段微生物碳酸盐岩微区组构主量、微量元素特征 (×10-6)"

样品编号	HJB?K16						XJZ?K6			XJZ?K10
组别	第一组				第二组			第三组			第四组
测试点号	HJB?K16?01	HJB?K16?02	HJB?K16?03	HJB?K16?04	HJB?K16?05	HJB?K16?06	XJZ?K6?01	XJZ?K6?02	XJZ?K6?03	XJZ?K10?01	XJZ?K10?02	XJZ?K10?03
微区组构	微生物组构	微亮晶组构	亮晶组构	微生物组构	微亮晶组构	亮晶组构	微生物组构	微亮晶组构	亮晶组构	微生物组构	微亮晶组构	亮晶组构
MgCO₃ (wt%)	43.62	43.29	43.03	43.11	42.23	42.57	42.57	39.87	40.32	42.90	42.71	42.58
CaCO₃ (wt%)	55.87	56.23	56.49	56.32	56.84	56.91	56.10	55.36	55.19	54.92	55.87	56.02
Cr	0.71	0.64	0.08	1.03	1.27	1.32	1.26	0.65	1.06	2.13	0.33	0.11
Mn	72.24	51.34	101.06	32.88	21.69	176.24	175.72	142.62	175.20	227.11	141.03	129.06
Fe	216.88	219.00	217.11	389.27	197.78	205.86	230.03	205.76	184.58	1520.95	272.32	289.77
Cu	0.07	0.13	0.07	0.75	0.18	/	1.61	0.32	0.04	7.24	0.31	0.37
Mo	/	0.03	/	0.12	0.06	/	0.07	/	/	/	/	0.06
Sr	31.12	35.98	31.22	31.62	33.85	24.30	53.23	39.33	30.49	43.58	31.63	27.67
La	0.0025	0.0023	0.0025	0.0021	0.0048	0.0013	0.0041	0.0181	0.0114	0.0029	0.0012	0.0003
Ce	0.0017	0.0015	0.0013	0.0020	0.0026	0.0016	0.0048	0.0186	0.0165	0.0021	0.0009	0.0003
Pr	0.0025	0.0014	0.0008	0.0028	0.0057	0.0015	0.0074	0.0273	0.0208	0.0042	0.0011	0.0002
Nd	0.0015	0.0017	0.0017	0.0029	0.0044	0.0003	0.0078	0.0306	0.0236	0.0015	/	/
Sm	0.0021	0.0040	0.0079	/	0.0066	0.0048	0.0092	0.0378	0.0152	0.0084	/	/
Eu	/	0.0075	/	0.0018	0.0162	/	0.0057	0.0604	0.0271	0.0069	0.0028	0.0053
Gd	/	/	0.0033	0.0066	/	0.0053	0.0024	0.0366	0.0478	0.0124	/	0.0024
Tb	/	/	0.0054	0.0036	0.0039	0.0044	0.0082	0.0261	0.0118	0.0151	0.0061	0.0039
Dy	/	0.0061	0.0024	0.0049	0.0023	0.0015	0.0152	0.0458	0.0132	0.0013	/	/
Y	0.0030	0.0041	0.0038	0.0023	0.0049	0.0068	0.0237	0.0412	0.0291	0.0122	0.0029	0.0004
Ho	0.0045	0.0029	/	0.0015	0.0063	0.0070	0.0082	0.0322	0.0185	0.0182	0.0016	0.0016
Er	0.0056	0.0029	/	0.0088	0.0032	/	0.0215	0.0257	0.0079	0.0041	0.0016	0.0031
Tm	0.0055	0.0031	/	0.0031	/	0.0187	0.0141	0.0034	0.0034	0.0259	/	0.0033
Yb	-	0.0020	/	0.0061	0.0044	0.0098	0.0116	0.0023	0.0132	0.0057	-	-
Lu	0.0059	0.0028	/	/	/	/	0.0031	0.0094	/	0.0039	0.0032	/
ΣREE+Y	0.426	0.465	0.438	0.529	0.818	0.487	1.766	5.355	4.002	0.881	0.220	0.080
(Nd/Yb)_SN	>1	0.84	>1	0.47	0.98	0.03	0.68	13.56	1.79	0.26	>1	>1
Ce/Ce^*	0.69	0.78	0.78	0.83	0.50	1.15	0.84	0.82	1.03	0.60	0.77	1.39

表1

图4

图5

图6

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微生物碳酸盐岩同生⁃早成岩阶段有机质降解示踪：以四川盆地灯影组四段为例

Geochemical tracing of organic matter degradation in microbial carbonates during syngenetic⁃early diagenesis: A case study from the Member IV of Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin

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